Effect of treat time on mechanical properties of treated paper.

<p>Effect of treat time on mechanical properties of treated paper.</p

XPS spectrum of the filter paper (a), the filter paper treated by NaOH/urea/ZnO solution (b).

<p>XPS spectrum of the filter paper (a), the filter paper treated by NaOH/urea/ZnO solution (b).</p

SEM images of filter paper and treated paper-120min (A-1, A-2 are images of the surface and cross-section for treated paper-120min; B-1, B-2 are images of the surface and cross-section for the filter paper.

<p>SEM images of filter paper and treated paper-120min (A-1, A-2 are images of the surface and cross-section for treated paper-120min; B-1, B-2 are images of the surface and cross-section for the filter paper.</p

TEM images of <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> and <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i>.

<p>A-1 <i>S. aureus</i> untreated cells. A-2: <i>S. aureus</i> treated by samples containing ZnO. B-1: E. coli untreated cells. B-2: <i>S. aureus</i> treated by samples containing ZnO.</p

FT-IR spectra of treated paper-120min compared with filter paper.

<p>FT-IR spectra of treated paper-120min compared with filter paper.</p

Schematic diagram of the procedure for preparing self-reinforced antibacterial and oil-resistance paper.

<p>Schematic diagram of the procedure for preparing self-reinforced antibacterial and oil-resistance paper.</p

The antibacterial properties of treated paper for <i>E</i>.<i>coli</i> and <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> (A -filter paper, B-filter paper treated with 8wt%NaOH/12wt%urea aqueous solution in -12°C 120min, C- treated paper-120min).

<p>The antibacterial properties of treated paper for <i>E</i>.<i>coli</i> and <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> (A -filter paper, B-filter paper treated with 8wt%NaOH/12wt%urea aqueous solution in -12°C 120min, C- treated paper-120min).</p

Oil permeability test assembly (TAPPI standards T-507).

<p>Oil permeability test assembly (TAPPI standards T-507).</p

Schematic illustration of the hierarchical structure of a tree and the interaction between cellulose nanofibers and cement particles.

<p>(a) The hierarchical structure of celluloses. (b) A network of cellulose nanofibers and cement formed with carboxyl groups and cement hydrates.</p

Enhancement of the heat conduction performance of boron nitride/cellulosic fibre insulating composites - Fig 5

<p>The effects of filler loading on (a) Relative permittivity and dielectric loss angle tangent (b) breakdown strength (c) Volume resistivity.</p