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<p>It was recognized only recently that subglacial ecosystems support considerable methanogenic activity, thus significantly contributing the global methane production. However, only limited knowledge is available on the physiological characteristics of this kind of methanogenic community because of the technical constraints associated with sampling and cultivation under corresponding environmental conditions. To elucidate methanogenesis beneath the glacial margin in East Antarctic Ice Sheet, we took an integrated approach that included cultivation of microbes associated with the sediment samples in the lab and analysis of mcrA gene therein. After 7 months of incubation, the highest rate of methanogenesis [398 (pmol/day)/gram] was observed at 1°C on a supply of H₂. The rates of methanogenesis were lower on acetate or unamended substrate than on H₂. The rates on these two substrates increased when the temperature was raised. Methanomicrobiales predominated before and after prolonged incubation, regardless whether H₂, acetate, or unamended substrate were the energy source. Therefore, it was inferred that psychrophilic hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was the primary methane-producing pathway in the subglacial ecosystem we sampled. These findings highlight the effects of temperature and substrate on potential methanogenesis in the subglacial sediment of this area, and may help us for a better estimation on the Antarctica methane production in a changing climate.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Association of altitude and frailty in Chinese older adults: using a cumulative frailty index model.docx

ObjectiveThe population is aging exponentially and the resulting frailty is becoming increasingly evident. We aimed to explore the association between altitude and frailty, and to identify associated factors for frailty.MethodsThis is a community-based cross-sectional survey. 1,298 participants aged ≥60 years from three different altitudes were included in the study. To quantify frailty, we constructed a frailty index (FI) and a frailty score (FS). The FI was divided into non-frailty, prefrailty, and frailty. The Odds Ratios and confidence intervals (ORs, 95%CIs) were used to evaluate the association between altitude and FI and FS in multivariate ordinal logistic regression and linear regression.ResultsThere were 560 (53.1%) participants in the prefrailty and 488 (37.6%) in the frailty group. The FS increased with higher altitude (P for trend ConclusionThe study indicates that high altitude exposure is an associated factor for frailty in older adults. This association become stronger with higher altitudes. As a result, it is essential to conduct early frailty screening for residents living at high altitudes.</p

Identification of <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> CSP1, CSP2 and CSP3.

<p>Conserved amino acids are shown in bold. The four Cys residues characteristic of CSPs are underlined. The residues or motifs in italic indicate specific mutations sites leading to amino acid replacement. Ala and Glu residues at position 1 are based on N-terminal sequencing of cockroach and moth CSPs [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0154706#pone.0154706.ref011" target="_blank">11</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0154706#pone.0154706.ref013" target="_blank">13</a>]. Bars in black indicate the position of putative alpha-helical domains (<a href="http://npsa-pbil.ibcp.fr/" target="_blank">http://npsa-pbil.ibcp.fr</a>).</p

Additional file 1 of Behaviors and influencing factors of Chinese oncology nurses towards hospice care: a cross-sectional study based on social cognitive theory in 2022

Supplementary Material

Fluorescence binding assay for the binding affinity of <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> CSP1, CSP2 and CSP3.

<p>Binding constants (Ki as presented as 1/Ki) of BtabCSP1, BtabCSP2 and BtabCSP3 to linoleic acid (LA) and α-pentyl-cinnamaldehyde. The Ki values to various chemical ligands are given in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0154706#pone.0154706.t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>. The highest binding constant value of BtabCSP1 (presented as 1/Ki) is found to LA (about 5.8 μM). Ki value of BtabCSP2 to LA is null, while Ki of BtabCSP3 to LA is only of about 48.5 μM. Higher binding constant values of BtabCSP2 and BtabCSP3 are to α-pentyl-cinnamaldehyde (5.8–10.3 μM).</p

Binding affinities of ligand chemicals to BtabCSP1, BtabCSP2 and BtabCSP3.

<p>Binding affinities of ligand chemicals to BtabCSP1, BtabCSP2 and BtabCSP3.</p

Modulation of <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> CSP1, CSP2 and CSP3 expression over different time-dose treatments of thiamethoxam in biotypes B and Q.

<p>Relative gene expression levels for CSP1, CSP2 and CSP3 in B and Q biotype <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> mixed adult individuals exposed to 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 μg/ml dose of thiamethoxam (reference gene = β-actin). CSP1, CSP2 and CSP3 gene expression were measured in B and Q biotypes after 1, 4, 24, 48 and 72 h exposure. The relative expression levels observed in control individuals (0 μg/ml concentration of thiamethoxam) after 1 h were used for calibration (value = 1). Data are means ± standard deviation (n = 9). Different letters indicate significant differences at α = 0.05 by one-way Anova. The symbol “═” on the Y-axis indicates very high expression of gene.</p

Differential expression of <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> CSP1, CSP2 and CSP3 during development in biotypes B and Q.

<p>Relative gene expression levels for CSP1, CSP2 and CSP3 in B and Q biotype <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> eggs, 1^st, 2^nd, 3^rd and 4^th instar nymphs and 1 to 2-days-old mixed adults (reference gene = β-actin). The relative expression levels observed in eggs were used for calibration (egg calibration value = 1). Data are means ± standard deviation (n = 9). Different letters indicate significant differences at α = 0.05 by one-way Anova. The symbol “═” on the Y-axis indicates very high expression of gene.</p

Molecular docking results for linoleic acid and α-pentyl-cinnamaldehyde on 3D models of BtabCSP1, BtabCSP2 and BtabCSP3.

<p>Molecular docking results for linoleic acid and α-pentyl-cinnamaldehyde on 3D models of BtabCSP1, BtabCSP2 and BtabCSP3.</p

Biotype Characterization, Developmental Profiling, Insecticide Response and Binding Property of <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> Chemosensory Proteins: Role of CSP in Insect Defense

<div><p>Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are believed to play a key role in the chemosensory process in insects. Sequencing genomic DNA and RNA encoding CSP1, CSP2 and CSP3 in the sweet potato whitefly <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> showed strong variation between B and Q biotypes. Analyzing CSP-RNA levels showed not only biotype, but also age and developmental stage-specific expression. Interestingly, applying neonicotinoid thiamethoxam insecticide using twenty-five different dose/time treatments in B and Q young adults showed that <i>Bemisia</i> CSP1, CSP2 and CSP3 were also differentially regulated over insecticide exposure. In our study one of the adult-specific gene (CSP1) was shown to be significantly up-regulated by the insecticide in Q, the most highly resistant form of <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i>. Correlatively, competitive binding assays using tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking demonstrated that CSP1 protein preferentially bound to linoleic acid, while CSP2 and CSP3 proteins rather associated to another completely different type of chemical, i.e. α-pentyl-cinnamaldehyde (jasminaldehyde). This might indicate that some CSPs in whiteflies are crucial to facilitate the transport of fatty acids thus regulating some metabolic pathways of the insect immune response, while some others are tuned to much more volatile chemicals known not only for their pleasant odor scent, but also for their potent toxic insecticide activity.</p></div