The migration and the adhesion capacity of BMSCs.

<p>(A) The migration capacity was examined by the transwell migration assays. The BMSCs were attracted with or without SDF-1 on the inserts and were stained with crystal violet (upper). Quantitative data of the migratory BMSCs were counted in 5 high-power fields (lower). MAEC was the positive group. Values are means±SEM. *p<0.05 versus control group. Results are representative of three separate experiments. (B) The adhesion capacity was examined by TNF-α on fibronectin. The adhesion BMSCs on the fibronectin were counted in 8 different fields. MAEC was the positive group. Values are means±SEM. *p<0.05 versus control group. Results are representative of three separate experiments.</p

The mRNA expression levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in BMSCs.

<p>(A) BMSCs were treated with or without 10 ng/ml VEGF for 24 h. Relative ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA expression levels were determined by RT-PCR. Values of mRNA amounts were normalized to GAPDH expression and expressed relative to control (n=6). Error bars represent SEM (* P<0.05). (B) Relative ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 protein expression levels were determined by western blotting. Values of protein amounts were normalized to β-actin expression and expressed relative to control (n=3). Error bars represent SEM (* P<0.05). (C) The immunofluorescence analysis of PECAM-1, vWF and KDR expression in BMSCs. BMSCs were stained for KDR, vWF and PECAM-1 with Cy3 and were stained for nucleus with Honchest33258. Scale bars represent 100μm. (D) The FACS analysis of PECAM-1, vWF and KDR expression in BMSCs and the quantification were counted. Isotype control staining was shown in shade in representative histograms (n = 3).</p

Characteristics of BMSCs.

<p>(A) Representative images showed the morphology of BMSCs at passage 1, 3 and 8 under a microscope. Scale bars represent 100μm. (B) Representative images of FACS analysis showed that BMSCs expressed some maker for CD44, c-kit, CD105 and Sca-1. Isotype control staining was shown in shade in representative histograms (n = 3). </p

Risk factors associated with sexually transmitted infections among HIV infected men who have sex with men

<div><p>To investigate the factors associated with sexually transmitted infection and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (STI-HIV) co-infection among men who have sex with men (MSM). A total of 357 HIV-infected participants (84 STI-HIV co-infection and 273 HIV infections only) were recruited from Jiangsu, China. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the related factors associated with STI-HIV co-infection. Marginal structural models were adopted to estimate the effect of transmission drug resistance (TDR) on STI-HIV co-infection. For all participants, logistic regression analyses revealed that those who diagnosed with HIV-1 for longer duration (≥1.8 years) were significantly associated with reduced STI-HIV co-infection risk (OR = 0.55, 95%CI: 0.32–0.96, <i>P</i> = 0.036). In further stratification analysis by <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27571495" target="_blank">antiretroviral therapy</a> (ART), individuals with longer duration showed consistent significant associations with STI-HIV co-infection risk (OR = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.26–0.83, <i>P</i> = 0.010) among MSM with ART-naïve status. In addition, significant reduced risk for STI-HIV co-infection (OR = 0.98, 95%CI: 0.96–0.99, <i>P</i> = 0.010) were observed in younger (under the average age of 31.03) MSM of the same group. Interestingly, we also found TDR was significantly associated with an increased risk of STI-HIV co-infection risk (OR = 3.84, 95%CI: 1.05–14.03, <i>P</i> = 0.042) in ART-naïve group. Our study highlights a pattern of STI-HIV co-infection among MSM in China and indicates that targeted interventions aimed at encouraging TDR monitoring in MSM with early HIV infection are warranted.</p></div

Odd ratio from both traditional model and marginal structural model (MSM) for the risk of STI-HIV co-infection.

<p>Odd ratio from both traditional model and marginal structural model (MSM) for the risk of STI-HIV co-infection.</p

Logistic regression analyses of related factors associated with STI-HIV co-infection among MSM in Jiangsu.

<p>Logistic regression analyses of related factors associated with STI-HIV co-infection among MSM in Jiangsu.</p