Sexual orientations of the participants.

<p>Sexual orientations of the participants.</p

Seed characteristics and success of recruitment using RDS.

<p>Seed characteristics and success of recruitment using RDS.</p

Crude and population-adjusted characteristics of men who have sex with men (MSM) in two respondent-driven sampling (RDS) surveys, Nanjing, China, 2008 and 2012.

<p>Crude and population-adjusted characteristics of men who have sex with men (MSM) in two respondent-driven sampling (RDS) surveys, Nanjing, China, 2008 and 2012.</p

Estimated design effects of certain variables.

<p><i>SRS refers to simple random sampling.</i></p><p><i>Note: the formula for estimation are presented in Appendix </i><b><i>S2</i></b><i>.</i></p

Venues for meeting sexual partners among participants and recruiter.

<p>N =  Number of subjects.</p

Crude and population-adjusted prevalence of HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STI), and risk behaviors in two respondent-driven sampling (RDS) surveys of men who have sex with men, Nanjing, China, 2008 and 2012.

<p>Crude and population-adjusted prevalence of HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STI), and risk behaviors in two respondent-driven sampling (RDS) surveys of men who have sex with men, Nanjing, China, 2008 and 2012.</p

Factors associated with HIV testing among MSM in Nanjing, China, 2008 and 2012.

<p>Factors associated with HIV testing among MSM in Nanjing, China, 2008 and 2012.</p

Trends in late HIV diagnosis among men who have sex with men in Jiangsu province, China: Results from four consecutive community-based surveys, 2011-2014

<div><p>Objectives</p><p>To examine trends in HIV testing, late HIV diagnosis and associated factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Jiangsu province, China.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Four consecutive community-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted among MSM from 2011 to 2014 in eight cities in the province. Participants were recruited from MSM venues and via the internet. HIV bio-behavioral surveys were conducted to collect demographic and behavioral data and measure HIV infection. HIV-infected participants with CD4 counts less than 350 cells/uL were defined as having a late HIV diagnosis. Chi-square trend tests were used to compare temporal changes over the years and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with late diagnosis.</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of 2,441, 2,677, 2,591 and 2,610 participants were enrolled in 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively. Testing for HIV in the last 12 months decreased over the time period, from 59.9% to 52.5% (<i>p</i><0.001). Late HIV diagnosis remained high and steady, ranging from 33.3% to 44.2% over the years with no significant change over time (<i>p</i> = 0.418). MSM who were older than 24 years (aOR = 1.748, <i>p</i> = 0.020 for 25–39 years old; aOR = 3.148, <i>p</i><0.001 for 40 years old or older), were recruited via internet (aOR = 1.596, <i>p</i> = 0.024), and did not have an HIV test in the past 12 months (aOR = 3.385, <i>p</i><0.001) were more likely to be late diagnosed.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Our study showed a plateau in HIV testing among MSM in China, in parallel to high levels of late diagnosis. Emerging and innovative strategies such as HIV self-testing and reaching more MSM by internet, both highly acceptable to MSM in China, may reduce late diagnosis.</p></div

Trends in HIV prevalence and late diagnosis among MSM in sentinel surveillance surveys in Jiangsu province, China, 2011–2014.

<p>Trends in HIV prevalence and late diagnosis among MSM in sentinel surveillance surveys in Jiangsu province, China, 2011–2014.</p

Local people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) covered with follow-up care, tested for CD4, initiated and retained antiretroviral therapy (ART), before and after the task shifting from government health facilities to community-based organizations (CBOs), 2008 to 2012, Nanjing, China.

†<p>CD4 test defined as PLHA received CD4 tests at least one time within a year.</p>‡<p>The criterion of ART eligibility is CD4 <200 cells/uL prior to and in 2011, and ≤350 cells/uL in 2012 and afterwards.</p>§<p>The number of ART initiation was 42 in 2007.</p><p>P values for trend analyses: P<0.01 for follow-up care, P<0.05 for CD4 tests, P<0.05 for ART coverage, and P>0.05 for 12-month ART retention rate.</p