The generalized inverses of the quaternion tensor via the T-product

In this article, specific definitions of the Moore-Penrose inverse, Drazin inverse of the quaternion tensor and the inverse along two quaternion tensors are introduced under the T-product. Some characterizations, representations and properties of the defined inverses are investigated. Moreover, algorithms are established for computing the Moore-Penrose inverse, Drazin inverse of the quaternion tensor and the inverse along two quaternion tensors, respectively

Jacobian determinants for (nonlinear) gradient of planar ∞\infty-harmonic functions and applications

In dimension 2, we introduce a distributional Jacobian determinant $\det DV_\beta(Dv)$ for the nonlinear complex gradient $(x_1,x_2)\mapsto |Dv|^\beta(v_{x_1},-v_{x_2})$ for any $\beta>-1$, whenever $v\in W^{1,2 }_{\text{loc}}$ and $\beta |Dv|^{1+\beta}\in W^{1,2}_{\text{loc}}$. Then for any planar $\infty$-harmonic function $u$, we show that such distributional Jacobian determinant is a nonnegative Radon measure with some quantitative local lower and upper bounds. We also give the following two applications. (i) Applying this result with $\beta=0$, we develop an approach to build up a Liouville theorem, which improves that of Savin [33]. Precisely, if $u$ is $\infty$-harmonic functions in whole ${\mathbb R}^2$ with $$\liminf_{R\to\infty}\inf_{c\in\mathbb R}\frac1 {R^3}\int_{B(0,R)}|u(x)-c|\,dx<\infty,$$ then $u=b+a\cdot x$ for some $b\in{\mathbb R}$ and $a\in{\mathbb R}^2$. (ii) Denoting by $u_p$ the $p$-harmonic function having the same nonconstant boundary condition as $u$, we show that $\det DV_\beta(Du_p) \to \det DV_\beta(Du)$ as $p\to\infty$ in the weak-$\star$ sense in the space of Radon measure. Recall that $V_\beta(Du_p)$ is always quasiregular mappings, but $V_\beta(Du)$ is not in general.Comment: 31 pages, some minor changes, submitte

The identification and characterization of nucleic acid chaperone activity of human enterovirus 71 nonstructural protein 3AB

AbstractHuman enterovirus 71 (EV71) belongs to the genus Enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae and has been recognized as one of the most important pathogens that cause emerging infectious disease. Despite of the importance of EV71, the nonstructural protein 3AB from this virus is little understood for its function during EV71 replication. Here we expressed EV71 3AB protein as recombinant protein in a eukaryotic expression system and uncovered that this protein possesses a nucleic acid helix-destabilizing and strand annealing acceleration activity in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that EV71 3AB is a nucleic acid chaperone protein. Moreover, we characterized the RNA chaperone activity of EV71 3AB, and revealed that divalent metal ions, such as Mg2+ and Zn2+, were able to inhibit the RNA helix-destabilizing activity of 3AB to different extents. Moreover, we determined that 3B plus the last 7 amino acids at the C-terminal of 3A (termed 3B+7) possess the RNA chaperone activity, and five amino acids, i.e. Lys-80, Phe-82, Phe-85, Tyr-89, and Arg-103, are critical and probably the active sites of 3AB for its RNA chaperone activity. This report reveals that EV71 3AB displays an RNA chaperone activity, adds a new member to the growing list of virus-encoded RNA chaperones, and provides novel knowledge about the virology of EV71

Research Progress of Each Cell Signaling Pathway in Renal Interstitial Fibrosis and Anti-Fibrotic Intervention Countermeasures

Interstitial fibrosis is a common pathological feature of various progressive renal diseases, andthis result is mainly caused with the activation of renal interstitial innate cells (fibroblasts, pericytes, immune cells, mesenchymal stem cells, etc.) and the massive expression and deposition of extracellular matrix（ECM）. According to statistics,chronic kidney disease and interstitial renal fibrosis affect half of the world's adults over the age of 70 and 10% of the population.Although there are currently no drugs or other means to halt this process, as more and more key players affecting fibrosis are identified, this provides new research directions for anti-fibrotic therapy. In this review, we highlight the relationship between renal interstitial lamina propria and the progression of interstitial fibrosis and describe new advances in anti-fibrotic strategies.Finally,we hope to provide new ideas for the treatment of interstitial renal fibrosis

Low Mitochondrial DNA Diversity in an Ancient Population from China: Insight

To gain insight into the social organization of a population associated with the Dawenkou period, ancient DNA analysis of 18 individuals from human remains from Fujia site, Shandong Province, China was completed. Directly radiocarbon dated to 4800–4500 cal BP, the Fujia site is assumed to be associated with a transitional phase from matrilineal clans to patrilineal monogamous families. Our results reveal a low mitochondrial DNA diversity from the site and population. Combined with Y-chromosome data, the pattern observed at the Fujia site is most consistent with a matrilineal community. The patterns also suggest that the bond of marriage were de-emphasized compared to the bonds of descent at Fujia

Evaluation of Plaque Stability of Advanced Atherosclerotic Lesions in Apo E-Deficient Mice after Treatment with the Oral Factor Xa Inhibitor Rivaroxaban

Aim. Thrombin not only plays a central role in thrombus formation and platelet activation, but also in induction of inflammatory processes. Activated factor X (FXa) is traditionally known as an important player in the coagulation cascade responsible for thrombin generation. We assessed the hypothesis that rivaroxaban, a direct FXa inhibitor, attenuates plaque progression and promotes stability of advanced atherosclerotic lesions in an in vivo model. Methods and Results. Rivaroxaban (1 or 5 mg/kg body weight/day) or standard chow diet was administered for 26 weeks to apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (n = 20 per group) with already established atherosclerotic lesions. There was a nonsignificant reduction of lesion progression in the high-concentration group, compared to control mice. FXa inhibition with 5 mg Rivaroxaban/kg/day resulted in increased thickness of the protective fibrous caps (12.3 ± 3.8 μm versus 10.1 ± 2.7 μm; P < .05), as well as in fewer medial erosions and fewer lateral xanthomas, indicating plaque stabilizing properties. Real time-PCR from thoracic aortas revealed that rivaroxaban (5 mg/kg/day) treatment reduced mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators, such of IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, and Egr-1 (P < .05). Conclusions. Chronic administration of rivaroxaban does not affect lesion progression but downregulates expression of inflammatory mediators and promotes lesion stability in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice