Effects of PERK siRNA on TNF-α-induced inflammatory cytokines in cell culture supernatants.

<p><b>A.</b> The adhesion of U937 monocytes to HUVECs. <b>B.</b> The levels of sICAM1 production in cell culture supernatants. <b>C.</b> The levels of MCP-1 production in cell culture supernatants. The results are expressed as the means ± SD, n = 6. ^aaP<0.01, compared with the control siRNA group; ^bbP<0.01, compared with the control siRNA+TNF-α group; ^ccP<0.01, compared with the PERK siRNA+TNF-α group. EP, ethyl pyruvate.</p

Effects of EP on TNF-α-induced cell viability, monocyte adhesion and inflammatory cytokines in cell culture supernatants.

<p><b>A.</b> Cell viability is expressed as an OD value. <b>B.</b> The adhesion of U937 monocytes to HUVECs. <b>C.</b> The levels of sICAM1 production in cell culture supernatants. <b>D.</b> The levels of IL-8 production in cell culture supernatants. <b>E.</b> The levels of MCP-1 production in cell culture supernatants. <b>F.</b> The levels of sE-selectin production in cell culture supernatants. The results are expressed as the means ± SD, n = 6. ^aaP<0.01, compared with the control group; ^bbP<0.01, compared with the TNF-α group; ^ccP<0.01, compared with the 1 mM EP+TNF-α group; ^ddP<0.01, compared with the 5 mM EP+TNF-α group. EP, ethyl pyruvate; OD, optical density.</p

Effects of TNF-α on cell viability, inflammatory cytokines and ERS-related molecules.

<p><b>A.</b> Cell viability is expressed as an OD value. <b>B.</b> The levels of sICAM1 in cell culture supernatants. <b>C.</b> Representative Western blot results showing ICAM1, MMP9, GRP78, ATF4, cleaved-caspase12, p-PERK and PERK protein expression. The results are expressed as the means ±SD, n = 6. ^aaP<0.01, compared with the control group; ^bbP<0.01, compared with the 1 ng/mL TNF-α group; ^ccP<0.01, compared with the 5 ng/mL TNF-α group. EP, ethyl pyruvate; OD, optical density.</p

Effects of EP and THA co-treatment on TNF-α-induced inflammatory cytokines in cell culture supernatants.

<p><b>A.</b> The adhesion of U937 monocytes to HUVECs. <b>B.</b> The levels of sICAM1 production in cell culture supernatants. <b>C.</b> The levels of MCP-1 production in cell culture supernatants. The results are expressed as the means ± SD, n = 6. ^aaP<0.01, compared with the TNF-α group; ^bbP<0.01, compared with the EP+TNF-α group; ^ccP<0.01, compared with the EP+THA+TNF-α group. EP, ethyl pyruvate; THA, thapsigargin.</p

Effects of EP on the TNF-α-induced inflammatory protein and ERS-related molecules in HUVECs.

<p>Representative Western blot results showingICAM1, MMP9, GRP78, ATF4, cleaved-caspase12, p-PERK and PERK protein expression. The results are expressed as the means ± SD, n = 6. ^aaP<0.01, compared with the control group; ^bbP<0.01, compared with the TNF-α group; ^ccP<0.01, compared with the 1 mM EP+TNF-α group; ^ddP<0.01, compared with the 5 mM EP+TNF-α group. EP, ethyl pyruvate.</p