1,081 research outputs found
DiffuseRoll: Multi-track multi-category music generation based on diffusion model
Recent advancements in generative models have shown remarkable progress in
music generation. However, most existing methods focus on generating monophonic
or homophonic music, while the generation of polyphonic and multi-track music
with rich attributes is still a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a
novel approach for multi-track, multi-attribute symphonic music generation
using the diffusion model. Specifically, we generate piano-roll representations
with a diffusion model and map them to MIDI format for output. To capture rich
attribute information, we introduce a color coding scheme to encode note
sequences into color and position information that represents pitch,velocity,
and instrument. This scheme enables a seamless mapping between discrete music
sequences and continuous images. We also propose a post-processing method to
optimize the generated scores for better performance. Experimental results show
that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of polyphonic
music generation with rich attribute information compared to the figure
methods
Proving Expected Sensitivity of Probabilistic Programs with Randomized Variable-Dependent Termination Time
The notion of program sensitivity (aka Lipschitz continuity) specifies that
changes in the program input result in proportional changes to the program
output. For probabilistic programs the notion is naturally extended to expected
sensitivity. A previous approach develops a relational program logic framework
for proving expected sensitivity of probabilistic while loops, where the number
of iterations is fixed and bounded. In this work, we consider probabilistic
while loops where the number of iterations is not fixed, but randomized and
depends on the initial input values. We present a sound approach for proving
expected sensitivity of such programs. Our sound approach is martingale-based
and can be automated through existing martingale-synthesis algorithms.
Furthermore, our approach is compositional for sequential composition of while
loops under a mild side condition. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our
approach on several classical examples from Gambler's Ruin, stochastic hybrid
systems and stochastic gradient descent. We also present experimental results
showing that our automated approach can handle various probabilistic programs
in the literature
Effect of budesonide transnasal nebulization in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Background: There is little evidence on the efficacy of glucocorticoid transnasal nebulization therapy in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).
Objective: We sought to evaluate the immunologic and remodeling effects of budesonide transnasal nebulization in patients with eosinophilic CRSwNP.
Methods: Sixty patients with eosinophilic CRSwNP were randomized to receive budesonide or placebo treatment for 14 days by means of transnasal nebulization in a double-blind manner. Endoscopic polyp size scores (maximum 5 6 points, Kennedy score) and visual analog scale scores for nasal symptoms were assessed before and after treatment. Similarly, polyp samples were evaluated for inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) by using an immunoassay; collagen by using histochemistry; eosinophils by using hematoxylin and eosin stain; and T-cell subsets by using flow cytometry.
Results: Budesonide transnasal nebulization significantly reduced polyp size compared with placebo (mean difference between groups, 20.73 units; 95% CI, -1.15 to -0.32 units; P = .002) and improved symptoms. Polyp IL-5 and eotaxin expression decreased significantly, whereas TGF-beta and IL-10 expression increased. Expression of IFN-gamma and IL-17 was not altered. Budesonide transnasal nebulization consistently reduced eosinophil infiltration and T(H)2 cell frequency and increased natural regulatory T-cell and type 1 regulatory T-cell frequencies. Indices of remodeling, including albumin, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-8, and MMP-9, were significantly decreased, whereas collagen deposition and TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and TIMP-4 levels were significantly increased. Budesonide transnasal nebulization did not suppress the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis or cause any serious side effects.
Conclusion: Short-term budesonide transnasal nebulization is an effective and safe treatment option in patients with eosinophilic CRSwNP, achieving clinical improvement by regulating remodeling, cytokine expression, and T-cell subset distribution
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