MicroRNA-1298-5p inhibits cell proliferation and invasion of bladder cancer via downregulating connexin 43

MicroRNA (miR)-1298 is widely down-regulated in a variety of malignant tumors, which facilitates cell proliferation, invasiveness, and migration. However, the specific biological function of miR-1298 in bladder cancer (BC) is still unknown. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is often up-regulated in tumors. Identifying miRNAs that target Cx43 in the setting of BC will help to develop Cx43-based therapies for BC. In this study, the results demonstrated that the expression levels of miR-1298 and Cx43 were significantly down-regulated and up-regulated, respectively, in BC tissues. Overexpression of miR-1298 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness in two BC cell lines as determined using MTT assays, cell cycle assays, colony formation assays, Transwell assays, gelatin zymography, and Western blot. In addition, we found that miR-1298 decreased Cx43 expression by directly targeting the 3′-UTR. Further, we observed that the promotion of BC cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness from Cx43 on could be partially attenuated by overexpressing miR-1298. Moreover, the protein expression of p-ERK was ameliorated after transfection with overexpressed-miR-1298. Knockdown of Cx43 reversed the promotion of cell migration and invasiveness due to decreased expression of miR-1298. All of the data from our study indicate that miR-1298 could be a diagnostic marker of BC and a potential therapeutic agent via inhibiting Cx43.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

The Eocene corundum-bearing rocks in the Gangdese arc, south Tibet: Implications for tectonic evolution of the Himalayan orogen

The genesis of Liangguo corundum deposit in the southern Gangdese magmatic arc, east-central Himalaya, remains unknown. The present study shows that the corundum-bearing rocks occur as lenses with variable sizes in the Eocene gabbro that intruded into marble. These corundum-bearing rocks have highly variable mineral assemblage and mode. The corundum-rich rocks are characterized by containing abundant corundum, and minor spinel, ilmenite and magnetite, whereas the corundum-poor and corundum-free rocks have variable contents of spinel, plagioclase, sillimanite, cordierite, ilmenite and magnetite. The host gabbro shows variable degrees of hydration and carbonization. The corundum grains are mostly black, and rarely blue, and have minor FeO and TiO2. The spinel is hercynite, with high FeO and low MgO contents. The corundum-bearing rocks have variable but high Al2O3, FeO and TiO2, and low SiO2 contents. Inherited magmatic and altered zircons of the corundum-bearing rocks have similar U–Pb ages (∼47 Ma) to the magmatic zircons of the host gabbro, indicating corundum-bearing rock formation immediately after the gabbro intrusion. We considered that emplacement of gabbro induced the contact metamorphism of the country-rock marble and the formation of silica-poor fluid. The channeled infiltration of generated fluid in turn resulted in the hydrothermal metasomatism of the gabbro, which characterized by considerable loss of Si from the gabbro and strong residual enrichment of Al. The metasomatic alteration probably formed under P–T conditions of ∼2.2–2.8 kbar and ∼650–700 °C. We speculate that SiO2, CaO and Na2O were mobile, and Al2O3, FeO, TiO2 and high field strength elements remained immobile during the metasomatic process of the gabbro. The Liangguo corundum deposit, together with metamorphic corundum deposits in Central and Southeast Asia, were related to the Cenozoic Himalayan orogeny, and therefore are plate tectonic indicators. Keywords: Corundum deposit, Gangdese magmatic arc, Metasomatism, Gabbro, Himalayan oroge

Multivesicular liposomes for sustained release of bevacizumab in treating laser-induced choroidal neovascularization

Bevacizumab is an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drug that can be used to treat choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Bevacizumab-loaded multivesicular liposomes (Bev-MVLs) have been designed and developed to increase the intravitreal retention time of bevacizumab and reduce the number of injection times. In this study, Bev-MVLs with high encapsulation efficiency were prepared by double emulsification technique, and antibody activity was determined. The results revealed that 10% of human serum albumin (HSA) could preserve the activity of bevacizumab. In vitro release of Bev-MVLs appeared to be in a more sustained manner, the underlying mechanisms of Bev-MVLs indicated that bevacizumab was released from MVLs through diffusion and erosion. Results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) demonstrated that bevacizumab could retain its structural integrity after being released from MVLs in vitro. In vivo imaging was used to evaluate the retention time of antibody in rat eyes, while pharmacokinetic analysis was performed on rabbit eyes. These results indicated that Bev-MVLs exhibited sustained release effects as compared to bevacizumab solution (Bev-S). Bev-MVLs could effectively inhibit the thickness of CNV lesion as compared to Bev-S at 28 days after treatment. Furthermore, these data suggest that Bev-MVLs are biologically feasible to increase the retention time of bevacizumab in vitreous humor. This novel Bev-MVLs may therefore serve as a promising sustained release drug delivery system for the treatment of CNV

Preparation and evaluation of injectable Rasagiline mesylate dual-controlled drug delivery system for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease

<p>A microsphere–gel <i>in situ</i> forming implant (MS–Gel ISFI) dual-controlled drug delivery system was applied to a high water-soluble small-molecule compound Rasagiline mesylate (RM) for effective treatment of Parkinson’s disease. This injectable complex depot system combined an <i>in situ</i> phase transition gel with high drug-loading and encapsulation efficiency RM–MS prepared by a modified emulsion-phase separation method and optimized by Box–Behnken design. It was evaluated for <i>in vitro</i> drug release, <i>in vivo</i> pharmacokinetics, and <i>in vivo</i> pharmacodynamics. We found that the RM-MS-Gel ISFI system showed no initial burst release and had a long period of <i>in vitro</i> drug release (60 days). An <i>in vivo</i> pharmacokinetic study indicated a significant reduction (<i>p</i> < .01) in the initial high plasma drug concentration of the RM–MS–Gel ISFI system compared to that of the single RM–MS and RM–<i>in situ</i> gel systems after intramuscular injection to rats. A pharmacodynamic study demonstrated a significant reduction (<i>p</i> < .05) in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced contralateral rotation behavior and an effective improvement (<i>p</i> < .05) in dopamine levels in the striatum of the lesioned side after 28 days in animals treated with the RM–MS–Gel ISFI compared with that of animals treated with saline. MS-embedded <i>in situ</i> phase transition gel is superior for use as a biodegradable and injectable sustained drug delivery system with a low initial burst and long period of drug release for highly hydrophilic small molecule drugs.</p

干旱地区棉田膜下滴灌盐分运移规律/Salt transfer law for cotton field with drip irrigation under mulch in arid region[J]

以田间实测数据为基础,研究棉田膜下滴灌对土壤盐分的变化.通过对棉田4个不同的生育期以及不同滴灌年限棉田盐分的变化进行了分析,初步得到,棉田在生育期盐分变化特征是0～20 cm含盐率从播前到苗期减小、盛铃期增大、吐絮期减小的趋势,＞40～80 cm从播前缓慢增加、盛铃期～吐絮期逐渐减少；水平方向滴头处盐分累积最少,膜间处盐分累积较多；垂直方向上0～20 cm土层盐分减少,＞60～100 cm土层累积程度较大；不同滴灌年限棉田随滴灌年限的延长各层土壤含盐率相应增加并且在＞60～100 cm增加的趋势显著,且滴头、行间、膜间的总含盐率是依次增加；＞60～100 cm已成积聚盐分的最大区域；在棉花生育期内,0～60 cm土壤呈脱盐状态,60～100 cm土壤呈积盐状态.该结果可为干旱区棉花膜下滴灌水盐的治理与防治提供参考