Image_1_Cost-effectiveness analysis of serplulimab combination therapy versus chemotherapy alone for patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer.tif

BackgroundSerplulimab has shown promising results in the treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of serplulimab combination therapy compared to chemotherapy alone in patients with ES-SCLC from the Chinese healthcare system perspective.MethodsA partitioned survival model was developed to simulate the costs and outcomes of patients receiving serplulimab combination therapy or chemotherapy alone over a time horizon of 10 years. Data on overall survival, progression-free survival, and adverse events were obtained from the ASTRUM-005 randomized clinical trial. Costs were estimated from a healthcare system perspective and included drug acquisition, administration, monitoring, and management of adverse events. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the impact of uncertainty on the results.ResultsThe base-case analysis showed that the combination of serplulimab and chemotherapy has demonstrated a significant increase in QALYs of 0.626 compared to chemotherapy alone. This improved outcome is accompanied by an additional cost of $10893.995. The ICER for incorporating serplulimab into the treatment regimen is$17402.548 per QALY gained. One-way sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the findings. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated that serplulimab combination therapy had a 97.40% high probability of being cost-effective compared to chemotherapy alone at the WTP thresholds.ConclusionIn contrast to chemotherapy as a standalone treatment, the addition of serplulimab to chemotherapy is believed to offer potential cost-effectiveness as a preferred initial therapeutic approach for patients with ES-SCLC in China.</p

Table_1_Cost-effectiveness analysis of serplulimab combination therapy versus chemotherapy alone for patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer.docx

BackgroundSerplulimab has shown promising results in the treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of serplulimab combination therapy compared to chemotherapy alone in patients with ES-SCLC from the Chinese healthcare system perspective.MethodsA partitioned survival model was developed to simulate the costs and outcomes of patients receiving serplulimab combination therapy or chemotherapy alone over a time horizon of 10 years. Data on overall survival, progression-free survival, and adverse events were obtained from the ASTRUM-005 randomized clinical trial. Costs were estimated from a healthcare system perspective and included drug acquisition, administration, monitoring, and management of adverse events. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the impact of uncertainty on the results.ResultsThe base-case analysis showed that the combination of serplulimab and chemotherapy has demonstrated a significant increase in QALYs of 0.626 compared to chemotherapy alone. This improved outcome is accompanied by an additional cost of $10893.995. The ICER for incorporating serplulimab into the treatment regimen is$17402.548 per QALY gained. One-way sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the findings. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated that serplulimab combination therapy had a 97.40% high probability of being cost-effective compared to chemotherapy alone at the WTP thresholds.ConclusionIn contrast to chemotherapy as a standalone treatment, the addition of serplulimab to chemotherapy is believed to offer potential cost-effectiveness as a preferred initial therapeutic approach for patients with ES-SCLC in China.</p

Colonies of <i>Cyphellophora artocarpi</i> produced on jackfruit (original host) and on apple (pathogenicity test).

<p>A. On jackfruit. B. On apple.</p

Key to species accepted in <i>Cyphellophora</i>.

<p>Key to species accepted in <i>Cyphellophora</i>.</p

Molecular and Morphological Analysis Reveals Five New Species of <i>Zygophiala</i> Associated with Flyspeck Signs on Plant Hosts from China

<div><p>Species in the genus <i>Zygophiala</i> are associated with sooty blotch and flyspeck disease on a wide range of hosts. In this study, 63 <i>Zygophiala</i> isolates collected from flyspeck colonies on a range of plants from several regions of China were used for phylogeny, host range and geographic distribution analysis. Phylogenetic trees were constructed on four genes - internal transcribed spacer (ITS), partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF), β-tubulin (TUB2), and actin (ACT) – both individually and in combination. Isolates were grouped into 11 clades among which five new species, <i>Z. emperorae, Z. trispora, Z. musae, Z. inaequalis</i> and <i>Z. longispora,</i> were described. Species of <i>Zygophiala</i> differed in observed host range and geographic distribution. <i>Z. wisconsinensis</i> and <i>Z. emperorae</i> were the most prevalent throughout the sampled regions of China, whereas <i>Z. trispora, Z. musae, Z. inaequalis</i> and <i>Z. longispora</i> were collected only in southern China. The hosts of <i>Z. wisconsinensis</i> and <i>Z. emperorae</i> were mainly in the family Rosaceae whereas <i>Z. trispora, Z. musae, Z. inaequalis</i> and <i>Z. longispora</i> were found mainly on banana (<i>Musa</i> spp.). Cross inoculation tests provided evidence of host specificity among SBFS species.</p></div

Bayesian tree based on combined data set of ITS, LSU, TUB and RPB1 sequences.

<p>Bayesian posterior probability ≥ 0.5 and maximum parsimony bootstrap support (MP-BS) ≥ 50% are shown above and below the branches in first and second positions, respectively. New sequences generated in this study are printed in bold. The RPB1 sequences of <i>C</i>. <i>olivacea</i>, <i>C</i>. <i>sessilis</i> and <i>Cladophialophora immunda</i> are missing.</p

Three New Species of <i>Cyphellophora</i> (Chaetothyriales) Associated with Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck

<div><p>The genus <i>Cyphellophora</i> includes human- and plant-related species from mammal skin and nails, plant materials, and food. On the basis of analysis of ITS, LSU, TUB2 and RPB1 data and morphological characters, three new species, <i>Cyphellophora phyllostachysdis</i>, <i>C</i>. <i>artocarpi</i> and <i>C</i>. <i>musae</i>, associated with sooty blotch and flyspeck disease, were added to this genus. The 2D structure of ITS1 and ITS2 confirmed this taxonomic status. Pathogenicity tests on apple fruit indicated that <i>C</i>. <i>artocarpi</i> could be a sooty blotch and flyspeck pathogen of apple.</p></div

<i>Cyphellophora artocarpi</i>.

<p>A. SBFS signs occurring on twig of jackfruit. B, Colony on OA after 4 wk. C–G, Conidia and phialidic conidiogenous cells with collarettes. H–I, Conidiogenous cells. Bar = 5 μm.</p

<i>Cyphellophora musae</i>.

<p>A. SBFS signs on the surface of Japanese banana fruit. B. Colony on OA after 4 wk. C–G. Conidia and phialidic conidiogenous cells with collarettes. H. Intercalary conidiogenous cells with sessile collarettes. Bar = 5 μm.</p

<i>Zygophiala inaequalis</i> isolate GL-MMXJ-52.

<p>(a) 2-week-old colony on OA (b) flyspeck signs on banana peel (c–f) conidiophores and conidia (g, h) conidia. bars  = 10 µm.</p