Anti-obesity effect of an isoflavone fatty acid ester on obese mice induced by high fat diet and its potential mechanism

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The novel compound <b>1a </b>is one of the isoflavone fatty acid esters. In order to investigate the anti-obesity effect of compound <b>1a </b>and its potential mechanism of influence in adipocyte differentiation, Obese male C57BL/6J mice induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and rat preadipocytes (3T3-L1 cell) were used.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>After 4-week HFD induction, the obese model was made successfully. After treatment with compound <b>1a</b>, mice plasma biochemistry parameters were analyzed. In addition, mice hepatic tissue slice was observed. In <it>in vitro </it>research, 3T3-L1 cell differentiation by Oil-Red-O staining and adipocyte apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The <it>in vivo </it>results implied that compound <b>1a </b>significantly decreased the body weight, white adipose tissue weight of obesity mice(p < 0.05), reduced leptin and TG in plasma(p < 0.05), elevated HDL-C in serum(p < 0.05). The <it>in vitro </it>results suggested that compound <b>1a </b>could significantly suppress the adipocyte viability and lipid accumulation in the differentiation of preadipocyte, and induce apoptosis in both preadipocytes and mature adipocytes(p < 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Compound <b>1a </b>regulates serum lipid profiles, decreases adipose tissue mass and body weight gain by inducing adipocyte apoptosis in high fat diet induced mice. Thus, it may be used to treat obese patients with hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia.</p

On the spectral radius of weighted trees with fixed diameter and weight set

AbstractThe spectrum of weighted graphs are often used to solve the problems in the design of networks and electronic circuits. We first give some perturbational results on the spectral radius of weighted graphs when some weights of edges are modified, then we derive the weighted tree with the largest spectral radius in the set of all weighted trees with fixed diameter and weight set. Furthermore, an open problem of spectral radius on weighted paths is solved [H.Z. Yang, G.Z. Hu, Y. Hong, Bounds of spectral radii of weighted tree, Tsinghua Science and Technology 8 (2003) 517–520]

Can interacting dark energy with dynamical coupling resolve the Hubble tension

The $H_0$ tension between low- and high- redshift measurements is definitely a serious issue faced by current cosmologists since it ranges from 4$\sigma$ to 6$\sigma$. To relieve this tension, in this paper we propose a new interacting dark energy model with time varying coupling parameter by parameterizing the densities of dark matter and dark energy, this parametric approach for interacting dark sectors are inspired by our previous work concerning the coupled generalized three-form dark energy model in which dark matter and dark energy behave like two uncoupled dark sectors with effective equation of state when the three-form $|\kappa X|\gg1$, for this reason, we reconstruct coupled generalized three-form dark energy from such parametric model under the condition $|\kappa X_0|\gg1$. In the end, we place constraints on the parametric model with the coupled generalized three-form dark energy model proposed in our previous work in light of the Planck 2018 cosmic microwave background (CMB) distance priors, baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) data from the BOSS Data Release (DR) 12, Pantheon compilation of Type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) data and the latest local determinations of the Hubble constant from Riess et al., i.e. the so called R20. The fitting results show that, comparing to R20, the parametric model relieves the Hubble tension to 0.05$\sigma$ with $\chi_{\rm min}^2=6.70$ and the coupled generalized three-form dark energy model relieves the Hubble tension to 0.70$\sigma$ with $\chi_{\rm min}^2=9.02$. However, it is worth noting that the tiny Hubble tension between R20 and the parametric model is mostly due to the fact that the introduction of the parameter $k$ greatly increase the uncertainty of the Hubble constant obtained without using a $H_0$ prior.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, has been submitted to PR

The Oblique Corrections from Heavy Scalars in Irreducible Representations

The contributions to $S$, $T$, and $U$ from heavy scalars in any irreducible representation of the electroweak gauge group $SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y$ are obtained. We find that in the case of a heavy scalar doublet there is a slight difference between the $S$ parameter we have obtained and that in previous works.Comment: 6 pages, 2 axodraw figures; minor changes, references update

5,5′,5′′-Triphenyl-2,2′,2′′-[2,4,6-tri­methyl­benzene-1,3,5-triyltris(methyl­idene­sulfanedi­yl)]tris­(1,3,4-oxadiazole)

In the title compound, C36H30N6O3S3, the phenyl rings are twisted from the attached oxadiazole rings in the three arms by 1.5(2), 2.4 (2) and 25.7 (2)°. The crystal packing exhibits weak inter­molecular C—H⋯N inter­actions

5,5′-Diphenyl-2,2′-[butane-1,4-diylbis(sulfanedi­yl)]bis­(1,3,4-oxadiazole)

The complete mol­ecule of the title compound, C20H18N4O2S2, is generated by crystallographic inversion symmetry. The benzene ring is almost coplanar with the oxadiazole ring [dihedral angle = 7.2 (2)°]

Massive Color-Kinematics Duality and Double-Copy for Kaluza-Klein Scattering Amplitudes

We study the scattering amplitudes of massive Kaluza-Klein (KK) states under toroidal compactification. We present a shifting method to quantitatively derive the scattering amplitudes of massive KK gauge bosons and KK gravitons from the corresponding massless amplitudes in the noncompactified higher dimensional theories. With these we construct the massive KK scattering amplitudes by extending the double-copy relations of massless scattering amplitudes within the field theory framework, including both the BCJ and CHY methods, and build up their connections to the massive KK KLT relations. We present the massive BCJ-type double-copy construction of the $N$-point KK gauge boson/graviton scattering amplitudes, and as the applications we derive explicitly the four-point KK scattering amplitudes as well as the five-point KK scattering amplitudes. We further study the nonrelativistic limit of these massive scattering amplitudes with the heavy external KK states and discuss the impact of the compactified extra dimensions on the low energy gravitational potential. Finally, we analyze the four-point and $N$-point mass spectral conditions and newly propose a novel group theory approach to prove that only the KK theories under toroidal compactification can satisfy these conditions for directly realizing massive double-copy in the field theory framework.Comment: 73 pages, JHEP final version. Only minor refinements, references adde

Efficient kk-separability criteria for mixed multipartite quantum states

We investigate classification and detection of entanglement of multipartite quantum states in a very general setting, and obtain efficient $k$-separability criteria for mixed multipartite states in arbitrary dimensional quantum systems. These criteria can be used to distinguish $n-1$ different classes of multipartite inseparable states and can detect many important multipartite entangled states such as GHZ states, W states, anti W states, and mixtures thereof. They detect $k$-nonseparable $n$-partite quantum states which have previously not been identified. Here $k=2,3,\cdots,n$. No optimization or eigenvalue evaluation is needed, and our criteria can be evaluated by simple computations involving components of the density matrix. Most importantly, they can be implemented in today's experiments by using at most $\mathcal{O}(n^2)$ local measurements.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure