Summarized information of the studies included in meta-analysis.

a<p>The places where the study subjects were recruited.</p>b<p>SBR, snowballing recruitment; RDS, respondent-driven sampling recruitment; IBR, internet-based recruitment; and SNR, social network recruitment.</p>c<p>BED-CEIA, BED capture enzyme immunoassay; RT-PCR, pooled RNA reverse transcription-PCR amplification assay; EIA-WB, enzyme immunoassay screening followed by Western blot confirmation.</p>d<p>(1) and (2) represent different studies from the same article.</p>e<p>(1) and (2) represent different studies from the same first author.</p>f<p>NR, not reported in original paper.</p

Crude results based on meta-analysis of studies assessing risk factors of HIV incidence.

<p>Crude results based on meta-analysis of studies assessing risk factors of HIV incidence.</p

Identification, review, and selection of studies included in the meta-analysis.

<p>Identification, review, and selection of studies included in the meta-analysis.</p

Quality assessment of the studies included in meta-analysis.

<p>Symbol ✓ indicates the measure was adequately addressed in the study; NR = not report; NA = not applicable.</p>a<p>Studies received a ✓ if the sample included all eligible HIV-negative men over a defined time period and defined area, or a random or systematic sample of those men (e.g., RDS);</p>b<p>Studies received a ✓ if the sample size was 456 or more which is the sample size required to estimate the incidence given α = 0.05, δ = 0.02, and expected rate = 5%.</p>c<p>Studies received a ✓ if the percentage participation was 80% or more;</p>d<p>Studies received a ✓ if the outcome (HIV infection) was based on blinded laboratory testing;</p>e<p>Studies received a ✓ if the percentage participants in the final analysis was 80% or more for cross-sectional studies;</p>f<p>Studies received a ✓ if the percentage participants under successful retention when the outcome was evaluated was 70% or more for cohort studies;</p>g<p>Studies received a ✓ if the follow-up duration was 6-month or more for cohort studies;</p>h<p>Studies received a ✓ if the identification of STI was based on laboratory testing rather than self-report.</p>i<p>(1) and (2) represent different studies from the same article.</p>j<p>(1) and (2) represent two different articles from the same first author.</p

Crude results based on meta-analysis of studies assessing HIV incidence.

<p>Crude results based on meta-analysis of studies assessing HIV incidence.</p

Comparison of the earliest day when faecal samples of <i>E. granulosus</i>-experimentally infected dogs tested positive with LAMP, PCR, Copro-ELISA and microscopy.

<p>Note: a, LAMP versus PCR; b, LAMP versus Copro-ELISA; c, PCR versus Copro-ELISA; d, LAMP, PCR or Copro-ELISA versus microscopy.</p

Number of field collected dog faecal samples shown to be positive or negative by the LAMP assay, PCR, ELISA and microscopy.

<p>* The LAMP assay revealed a significantly higher level of sensitivity than ELISA, the PCR assay or microscopy (P<0.001; Pearson chi-square test).</p

Establishment of the LAMP assay.

<p>A. Different reaction temperature. Lanes: M, DNA marker; 1 to 6, 60 to 65°C; 7, water control. B. Different reaction time. Lanes: M, DNA marker; 1 to 6, 10 to 60 min; 7, water control. C. Amplification of LAMP from positive f-DNA and restriction digestion of LAMP product. Lanes: M, DNA marker; 1, LAMP products from positive f-DNA; 2, water control; 3, <i>Eco</i>R1 digestion of LAMP products. D. Specificity of LAMP assay for <i>E. granulosus</i> (G1 genotype). Lanes: M, DNA marker; 1 and 2, g-DNA and f-DNA of <i>E. granulosus</i> (G1 genotype); 3 to 9, g-DNA of <i>E. multilocularis</i>, <i>E. shiquicus</i>, <i>T. hydatigena</i>, <i>T. multiceps</i>, <i>T. pisiformis</i>, <i>T. taeniaeformis</i>, <i>Dipylidium</i> sp.; 10, intestinal tissues of dogs; 11, n-f-DNA; 12, water control. E. Sensitivity of LAMP assay for DNA from different numbers of <i>E. granulosus</i> eggs per gram of faeces. Lanes: 1, negative control; 2 to 6, one to five eggs; 7, ten eggs; 8, fifteen eggs; M, DL2000.</p