Signaling and Transcriptional Control of Reproductive Development in Arabidopsis

Plant reproductive development is a complex process with diploid and haploid phases, including male and female organogenesis, meiosis, gametogenesis, pollination and fertilization. A number of regulatory mechanisms control both diploid and haploid cell division and differentiation, especially cell–cell signaling pathways mediated by receptor-linked protein kinases with prominent roles in early male development, and hormonal signaling pathways crucial for later events in male and female reproductive development. Furthermore, transcriptional networks control the proper formation of specific cell layers and embryo sac cell specification

Isospin dependence of projectile-like fragment production at intermediate energies

The cross sections of fragments produced in 140 $A$ MeV $^{40,48}$Ca + $^9$Be and $^{58,64}$Ni + $^9$Be reactions are calculated by the statistical abration-ablation(SAA) model and compared to the experimental results measured at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) at Michigan State University. The fragment isotopic and isotonic cross section distributions of $^{40}$Ca and $^{48}$Ca, $^{58}$Ni and $^{64}$Ni, $^{40}$Ca and $^{58}$Ni, and $^{48}$Ca and $^{64}$Ni are compared and the isospin dependence of the projectile fragmentation is studied. It is found that the isospin dependence decreases and disappears in the central collisions. The shapes of the fragment isotopic and isotonic cross section distributions are found to be very similar for symmetric projectile nuclei. The shapes of the fragment isotopic and isotonic distributions of different asymmetric projectiles produced in peripheral reactions are found very similar. The similarity of the distributions are related to the similar proton and neutron density distributions inside the nucleus in framework of the SAA model.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures; to be published in Phys Rev

Effects of traditional trabeculectomy, mitomycin C trabeculectomy and sclera pool trabeculectomy on post-surgical life quality in glaucoma patients

AIM: To explore and compare the effects of trabeculectomy, mitomycin C(MMC)trabeculectomy and sclera pool trabeculectomy on life quality of patients with glaucoma. <p>METHODS: Totally, 60 patients(60 eyes)with glaucoma were divided into group A, B and C equally and randomly. Twenty patients(20 eyes)in group A received treatment of traditional trabeculectomy; Twenty patients(20 eyes)in group B received MMC trabeculectomy; while twenty patients(20 eyes)in group C received sclera pool trabeculectomy. One-year follow study was proposed, Chinese version low vision quality of life questionnaire(CLVQOL)and self- assessment score were used to evaluate effects of surgeries on life quality of patients. <p>RESULTS: Compared with group A, scoring of CLVQOL increased significantly in group B and C, and more significantly in group C(distant vision, movement, sensitization and fine work)when compared with group B(<i>P</i><0.05). Compared with group A, scoring of self assessment increased significantly in group B and C, more significantly in group C(vision self scoring and subjective brightness scoring)when compared with group B(<i>P</i><0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: The improvement effect of sclera pool trabeculectomy on life quality of patient with glaucoma is better than traditional and MMC trabeculectomy

Geotechnical monitoring and safety assessment of large-span triple tunnels using drilling and blasting method

The excavation of large-span triple tunnels using drilling and blasting method inevitably causes complicated load transfer effects and induces potentially damaging ground vibrations. In this study, the structural responses (including the surrounding rock pressure, normal-contact pressure between the primary and secondary linings, internal forces in the secondary lining) and the seismic responses (including peak particle velocity and corner frequency), are systematically recorded. It is found that the first-excavated left tunnel is influenced heavily by the excavation of the last-excavated middle tunnel, whereas it is hardly affected by the excavation of the second-excavated right tunnel. The load carried by the primary lining is approximately three times as that carried by the secondary lining. The middle tunnel was in the least desirable state due to the formation of the large Protodyakonov’s equilibrium arch (PEA). Based on timely feedback of the comprehensive monitoring system, a series of vibration-reducing techniques were applied and effectively guaranteed safety during blasting construction. By referring to Chinese codes, the minimum safety factor of the secondary lining is 1.3; the maximum PPV (0.15 cm/s) is lower than the allowable value; and the corner frequency (40-140 Hz) will not cause resonant vibration of the Great Wall

N,N′-Bis(2-hydroxy­ethyl)-N,N′-[ethyl­ene­dioxy­bis(o-phenyl­enemethyl­ene)]­diammonium fumarate tetra­hydrate

The reaction of 1,2-bis­{2-[(2-hydroxy­ethyl)amino­methyl]­phen­oxy}ethane and fumaric acid in a mixed solution in ethanol–water (1:1 v/v) yields the title compound, C20H30N2O4 2+·C4H2O4 2−·4H2O. In the crystal structure, the anions, cations and water mol­ecules are connected via O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network. The fumarate anion and the N,N′-bis­(2-hydroxy­ethyl)-N,N′-[ethyl­enedioxy­bis(o-phenyl­enemethylene)]diammonium cation are located on centers of inversion, whereas the two crystallographically independent water mol­ecules occupy general positions

1,8,16,23-Tetra­kis(2-cyano­benz­yl)bis-p-xylylbis-m-xylyldiamine

The title compound {systematic name: 2,2′,2′′,2′′′-[3,7,11,15-tetra­aza-1(1,4),5(1,3),9(1,4),13(1,3)-tetra­benzena­cyclo­hexadeca­phane-3,7,11,15-tetra­yltetra­methyl­ene]tetra­benzonitrile}, C64H56N8, is a centrosymmetric macrocycle that is consolidated into the crystal structure by C—H⋯π inter­actions

Phenomenological Scaling of Rapidity Dependence for Anisotropic Flows in 25 MeV/nucleon Ca + Ca by Quantum Molecular Dynamics Model

Anisotropic flows ($v_1$, $v_2$, $v_3$ and $v_4$) of light fragments up till the mass number 4 as a function of rapidity have been studied for 25 MeV/nucleon $^{40}$Ca + $^{40}$Ca at large impact parameters by Quantum Molecular Dynamics model. A phenomenological scaling behavior of rapidity dependent flow parameters $v_n$ (n = 1, 2, 3 and 4) has been found as a function of mass number plus a constant term, which may arise from the interplay of collective and random motions. In addition, $v_4/{v_2}^2$ keeps almost independent of rapidity and remains a rough constant of 1/2 for all light fragments.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Distribution patterns of small-molecule ligands in the protein universe and implications for origin of life and drug discovery

Ligand-protein mapping was found to follow a power law and the preferential attachment principle, leading to the identification of the molecules, mostly nucleotide-containing compounds, that are likely to have evolved earliest

Methanation Catalyst for Low CO Concentration

A Ni-based catalyst supported by γ-Al2O3 was prepared by impregnation method, and the catalyst was used in a low CO and CO2 concentration methanation system. The effect of temperature, pressure and space velocity on the methanation reaction was investigated in an experimental fixed-bed reactor. The methanation reaction was operated at the conditions of 190-240°C, 3000-24000ml•g-1•h-1 and 1.5-3.5MPa. The results show that temperature and space velocity play important role on the reaction. With the increase of reaction temperature the CO and CO2 conversion increase and the selectivity of CH4 increase. And with the increase of the space velocity the conversion of CO and CO2 and the selectivity of CH4 decrease sharply