Bis(ethyl 2-amino-4-thia­zoleacetato-κN)silver(I) nitrate

In the title complex, [Ag(C7H10N2O2S)2]NO3, the AgI cation is bicoordinated in an almost linear configuration by two N-donor atoms of the thia­zole rings of two distinct ethyl 2-amino-4-thia­zoleacetate (EATA) ligands. The dihedral angle between the two thia­zole rings is 49.9°. A weak Ag⋯O (2.729 Å) inter­action between the Ag cation and one of the O atoms from the nitrate anion is observed, and a pseudo-dimer is formed through a weak Ag⋯S (3.490 Å) inter­action between the Ag cation and the S atom of the thia­zole ring of a symmetry-related mol­ecule. In the crystal structure, there are intra- and inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The occurrence of inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds results in the formation of two-dimensional sheets parallel to (010), which are further linked into a three-dimensional network through weak C—H⋯O inter­actions

Numerical analysis on dynamic responses of single-storey buildings under seismic effects

The paper applies the commercial software ABAQUS to establish numerical models of an original single-storey building and a reinforced building, and conducts experimental test to verify correctness of the computation models. Damages and dynamic characteristics of two kinds of models under seismic effects are studied systematically. X-direction acceleration amplitudes of the wall obviously exceeded those in Y direction. In the same horizontal direction, accelerations of the left wall obviously exceeded those of the right wall. Compared with the original model, the X-direction acceleration amplitude is decreased by 15.4 %, and the Y-direction acceleration amplitude is decreased by 49 % in the left wall of the reinforced model. As for right wall of the reinforced model, the X-direction acceleration amplitude is decreased by 30.4 %, and the Y-direction acceleration amplitude is decreased by 17.6 %. In the X direction, the power amplification factors of the reinforced model were less than those of the original model, and the value was decreased by 30 % for the power amplification factors corresponding to 1.3 g. In the Y direction, the power amplification factors of the reinforce model were less than those of the original model under different seismic effects, wherein the value of the reinforced model was decreased by 33 % for the power amplification factors corresponding to 1.3 g compared with the original model. Under the seismic effect of 0.1 g, damages took place to four wall bodies of the model at earliest, but its value was small. With increased seismic input excitation, damage degree of the wall bodies was also gradually increased. Under the seismic effect of 0.8 g, damages to four wall bodies were serious. Under seismic effect of 1.3 g, damage values of 4 wall bodies reached the maximum value 0.99, and the single-storey building will fail. Damages values of four wall bodies of the original model were relatively concentrated; while damage values of four wall bodies of the reinforced model were disperse. Under each seismic effect, the overall damage value was smaller than that of the reinforced model. This result fully indicates that reinforcement can reduce damages of wall bodies and generate anti-seismic effects

Polyamine Catabolism in Plants: A Universal Process With Diverse Functions

Polyamine (PA) catabolic processes are performed by copper-containing amine oxidases (CuAOs) and flavin-containing PA oxidases (PAOs). So far, several CuAOs and PAOs have been identified in many plant species. These enzymes exhibit different subcellular localization, substrate specificity, and functional diversity. Since PAs are involved in numerous physiological processes, considerable efforts have been made to explore the functions of plant CuAOs and PAOs during the recent decades. The stress signal transduction pathways usually lead to increase of the intracellular PA levels, which are apoplastically secreted and oxidized by CuAOs and PAOs, with parallel production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Depending on the levels of the generated H2O2, high or low, respectively, either programmed cell death (PCD) occurs or H2O2 is efficiently scavenged by enzymatic/nonenzymatic antioxidant factors that help plants coping with abiotic stress, recruiting different defense mechanisms, as compared to biotic stress. Amine and PA oxidases act further as PA back-converters in peroxisomes, also generating H2O2, possibly by activating Ca2+ permeable channels. Here, the new research data are discussed on the interconnection of PA catabolism with the derived H2O2, together with their signaling roles in developmental processes, such as fruit ripening, senescence, and biotic/abiotic stress reactions, in an effort to elucidate the mechanisms involved in crop adaptation/survival to adverse environmental conditions and to pathogenic infections