Which Emotional Behaviors are Actions?

There is a wide range of things we do out of emotion. For example, we smile with pleasure, our voices drop when we are sad, we recoil in shock or jump for joy, we apologize to others out of remorse. It is uncontroversial that some of these behaviors are actions. Clearly, apologizing is an action if anything is. Things seem less clear in the case of other emotional behaviors. Intuitively, the drop in a sad person’s voice is something that happens to her, rather than something she actively performs. Perhaps more interestingly, even jumping for joy can seem a problematic case: although its execution involves the active performance of certain movements, it has been argued to contrast, e.g., with an act of apology, in that it is not performed in order to achieve some end, such as repairing a relationship. This can make this behavior seem considerably different from paradigm actions. Our central concern in this paper is with which emotional behaviors should be classed as actions and why..

Mrs

This is an investigation of guanxi and social ties that may influence the recruitment and selection and also the Human Resource Management (HRM) practices in the Chinese business environment. The purpose of this research is to examine how guanxi and social ties influence hiring practices in different business ownerships and which HRM model is the most suitable for China. Interviews and three case studies were conducted to examine this research question. Results indicate that guanxi and social ties can influence recruitment and selection decisions and they are still a common method for hiring in China. A hybrid model which combines both Chinese and Western HRM practices should be used. However, results also found that guanxi and social ties might be less important in the future

Półilościowa ocena hirsutyzmu u 850 pacjentek z zespołem policystycznych jajników i 2988 kobiet z grupy kontrolnej w Chinach

Introduction: There is considerable individual and racial variation in the degree and pattern of body hair among PCOS patients. The purposes of this study were to define: 1) a suitable standard of hirsutism for Chinese women with PCOS and the general Chinese population; 2) the characteristics of hair distribution and degree in Chinese women with PCOS and the general population; and 3) the correlation of PCOS and FG score in Chinese women.Material and methods: This retrospective study in Chinese women with PCOS in the reproductive centre of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, comprised 850 patients with PCOS and 2,988 members of the general population. It was conducted crosssectionally by interview, physical examination, ultrasound scan, and modified Ferriman-Gallwey score. Eight hundred and fifty Chinese women with PCOS (aged 20–41) underwent an interview, blood drawing, physical and ultrasound examination. Body hair at nine sites (lip, chin, arm, thigh, chest, upper belly, lower belly, upper back and lower back) were evaluated using the scoring system described by Ferriman and Gallwey; 2,988 healthy women (aged 20–45) underwent an interview, physical examination, ultrasound scan and FG score evaluation by trained gynaecologists. Terminal body hair growth was assessed using the mFG scoring system in Chinese women with PCOS and the control group; nine body areas were scored from 0–4 for terminal hair growth distribution.Results: Our findings showed that of the 850 patients, 367 had a FG score equal to or greater than 5 points [43.2% (367/850)], 282 patients had a FG score equal to or greater than 6 points [33.18% (282/850)], and 21% had a score of at least 8 points. Nobody’s FG score was equal to or greater than 24 points. Hirsutism was significantly higher in PCOS patients (score≥ 5 = 43.2%) than in the general population (score ≥ 5 = 10%). The lip is the most common place (score 0–3) where terminal hair grows in 850 PCOS patients and the general population. Next came the upper back and chest, and the number of 4 points was only recorded for the region of the lip (16), thigh (3), lower belly (3), arm (1), chest (1), and lower back (1). None of the PCOS patients displayed a score of more than 4 points for the chin, upper belly and upper back.Conclusions: Our data indicates that: 1) an mFG score of 5 or above is out of the norm for the general unselected population and forms almost half of the possibility of diagnosing PCOS in Chinese women; 2) lips and upper back are the most common places that hair grows (score 1–2), but in terms of the serious situation (score 3–4), lips and thighs are the most common places that hair grows; 3) there is a good predictive value to diagnose PCOS by FG score for Chinese people; and 4) hirsutism is more common in PCOS than in the general population in China. (Endokrynol Pol 2014; 65 (5): 365–370)Wstęp: Wśród pacjentek z zespołem policystycznych jajników (PCOS) obserwuje się znaczną indywidualną i rasową zmienność nasilenia i rozkładu owłosienia ciała. Cele tego badania obejmowały określenie: 1) odpowiedniego standardu hirsutyzmu u Chinek z PCOS i w populacji ogólnej; 2) charakterystyki rozkładu i nasilenia owłosienia u Chinek z PCOS i w populacji ogólnej; oraz 3) korelacji między PCOS a wynikiem w skali Ferrimana-Gallweya (FG) u Chinek.Materiał i metody: Retrospektywnym badaniem w populacji Chinek z PCOS w ośrodku leczenia zaburzeń rozrodu w Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, objęto 850 pacjentek z PCOS i 2988 kobiet z populacji ogólnej, u których dokonano oceny na podstawie wywiadów, badania przedmiotowego, oceny ultrasonograficznej oraz zmodyfikowanej skali FG. U 850 Chinek z PCOS (wiek 20-41 lat) zebrano wywiady, pobrano krew, przeprowadzono badanie fizykalne i ultrasonograficzne oraz oceniono owłosienie ciała w 9 miejscach (warga, podbródek, ramię, udo, klatka piersiowa, nadbrzusze, podbrzusze oraz górna i dolna część pleców), posługując się systemem punktowym opisanym przez Ferrimana i Gallweya, a u 2988 zdrowych kobiet (wiek 20–45 lat) zebrano wywiady, przeprowadzono badanie fizykalne i ultrasonograficzne oraz dokonano oceny w skali FG. Ocena była dokonywana przez wyszkolonych ginekologów. Wzrost i rozkład włosów końcowych na ciele oceniono za pomocą zmodyfikowanej skali FG u Chinek z PCOS oraz w grupie kontrolnej, określając wartości punktowe w skali od 0 do 4 dla dziewięciu okolic ciała.Wyniki: Wśród 850 pacjentek z PCOS wynik ≥ 5 punktów w skali FG uzyskano u 367 pacjentek [43,2% (367/850)], wynik ≥ 6 punktów u 282 pacjentek [33,18% (282/850)], a co najmniej 8 punktów u 21% pacjentek. U żadnej pacjentki nie uzyskano wyniku ≥ 24 punkty. Nasilenie hirsutyzmu było istotnie większe wśród pacjentek z PCOS (wynik ≥ 5 punktów u 43,2%) niż w populacji ogólnej (wynik ≥ 5 punktów u 10%). Warga była najczęstszym miejscem wzrostu włosów końcowych (wynik 0–3 pkt.) u 850 pacjentek z PCOS oraz w populacji ogólnej, a następne miejsca pod względem częstości wzrostu włosów zajęły górna część pleców i klatka piersiowa. Wzrost włosów oceniony na 4 punkty odnotowano tylko w okolicach wargi (n = 16), uda (n = 3), podbrzusza (n = 3), ramion (n = 1), klatki piersiowej (n = 1) oraz dolnej części pleców (n = 1). U żadnej z pacjentek z PCOS nie odnotowano wzrostu włosów ocenionego na 4 punkty w okolicach podbródka, nadbrzusza i górnej części pleców.Wnioski: Nasze dane wskazują, że: 1) wynik w zmodyfikowanej skali FG wynoszący ≥ 5 punktów jest poza normą w nieselekcjonowanej populacji ogólnej i stwierdza się go u prawie połowy Chinek z rozpoznaniem PCOS; 2) warga i górna część pleców były najczęstszymi miejscami wzrostu włosów (wynik 1–2 pkt.), ale najbardziej nasilony wzrost (wynik 3–4 pkt.), stwierdzono w obrębie wargi i ud; 3) Rozpoznawanie PCOS na podstawie wyniku w skali FG u Chinek charakteryzuje się dobrą wartością predykcyjną; 4) hirsutyzm u Chinek jest częstszy wśród pacjentek z PCOS niż w populacji ogólnej. (Endokrynol Pol 2014; 65 (5): 366–370

Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy for Primary Hyperparathyroidism - Current Views, Issues and Controversies

Includes bibliographical references (p. 30-34

Mrs

This is an investigation of guanxi and social ties that may influence the recruitment and selection and also the Human Resource Management (HRM) practices in the Chinese business environment. The purpose of this research is to examine how guanxi and social ties influence hiring practices in different business ownerships and which HRM model is the most suitable for China. Interviews and three case studies were conducted to examine this research question. Results indicate that guanxi and social ties can influence recruitment and selection decisions and they are still a common method for hiring in China. A hybrid model which combines both Chinese and Western HRM practices should be used. However, results also found that guanxi and social ties might be less important in the future

Emerging Patterns of HRM: The Influence of Social Ties and 'Guanxi' on Recruitment and Selection in China

This is an investigation of guanxi and social ties that may influence the recruitment and selection and also the Human Resource Management (HRM) practices in the Chinese business environment. The purpose of this research is to examine how guanxi and social ties influence hiring practices in different business ownerships and which HRM model is the most suitable for China. Interviews and three case studies were conducted to examine this research question. Results indicate that �¢â�¬��guanxi" and social ties can influence recruitment and selection decisions and they are still a common method for hiring in China. A hybrid model which combines both Chinese and Western HRM practices should be used. However, results also found that guanxi and social ties might be less important in the future

Automatic Figure Ranking and User Interfacing for Intelligent Figure Search

Figures are important experimental results that are typically reported in full-text bioscience articles. Bioscience researchers need to access figures to validate research facts and to formulate or to test novel research hypotheses. On the other hand, the sheer volume of bioscience literature has made it difficult to access figures. Therefore, we are developing an intelligent figure search engine (http://figuresearch.askhermes.org). Existing research in figure search treats each figure equally, but we introduce a novel concept of "figure ranking": figures appearing in a full-text biomedical article can be ranked by their contribution to the knowledge discovery.We empirically validated the hypothesis of figure ranking with over 100 bioscience researchers, and then developed unsupervised natural language processing (NLP) approaches to automatically rank figures. Evaluating on a collection of 202 full-text articles in which authors have ranked the figures based on importance, our best system achieved a weighted error rate of 0.2, which is significantly better than several other baseline systems we explored. We further explored a user interfacing application in which we built novel user interfaces (UIs) incorporating figure ranking, allowing bioscience researchers to efficiently access important figures. Our evaluation results show that 92% of the bioscience researchers prefer as the top two choices the user interfaces in which the most important figures are enlarged. With our automatic figure ranking NLP system, bioscience researchers preferred the UIs in which the most important figures were predicted by our NLP system than the UIs in which the most important figures were randomly assigned. In addition, our results show that there was no statistical difference in bioscience researchers' preference in the UIs generated by automatic figure ranking and UIs by human ranking annotation.The evaluation results conclude that automatic figure ranking and user interfacing as we reported in this study can be fully implemented in online publishing. The novel user interface integrated with the automatic figure ranking system provides a more efficient and robust way to access scientific information in the biomedical domain, which will further enhance our existing figure search engine to better facilitate accessing figures of interest for bioscientists