THE APPLICABILITY OF THE PARTNERS FOR CHANGE OUTCOME MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR PSYCHOTHERAPY IN SOUTH KOREA: EXPLORING KOREAN THERAPISTS’ EXPERIENCES

The introduction of psychotherapy approaches to another culture may require adjustments, such as cultural adaptation (Benish, Quintana, & Wampold, 2011; Griner & Smith, 2006). Unique features of a specific cultural group, such as a native language and traditional cultural values may interfere with new approaches. Although a client feedback system, the Partners for Change Outcome Management System (PCOMS; Miller, Duncan, Sorrell, & Brown 2005) has been established as an evidence-based treatment approach with clients in the United States, little has been examined on its utility in Korean psychotherapy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the applicability and utility of PCOMS for psychotherapy in South Korea. Specifically, Korean psychotherapists’ experiences of deciding whether or not employing PCOMS and its implementation were analyzed with thematic analysis. The analysis generated four themes: implementation; the benefit of PCOMS; barriers to utilization; and background factors. Discussion of the study’s findings and the implication for the practice, training, and research are provided

Conductive Copper Paste for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells

In photovoltaic industries, the main technique of metallization is screen printing with silver pastes due to its simple and quick process. However, the expensive price of silver paste is one of the barriers to the production of low-cost solar cells. Therefore, the most focused target in photovoltaic research is the decreasing consumption of silver paste or substitute silver for other materials. As a proper candidate, copper has been researched by many institutes and companies since it has a similar conductivity with silver even though the price is inexpensive. To apply copper as a contact for solar cells, the plating technique has been actively researched. However, copper paste, which was mainly developed for integrated circuit applications, has been recently researched. Mostly, copper paste was developed for the low-temperature annealing process since copper tends to oxidize easily. On the other hand, firing type copper paste was also developed by coating copper particles with a barrier layer. This chapter discusses recent development of copper paste for the application of solar cells and its appropriate annealing conditions for better electrical properties. Also, the light I-V characteristics of copper paste on the solar cells in other research papers are summarized as well

Two-Dimensional Simulation Images of Pulsed Corona Discharges in a Wire–Plate Reactor

Abstract—Two-dimensional time-dependent numerical simulations on a pulsed corona discharge are presented in a wire–plate reactor. The discharge modeling includes the three modules for the corona discharge, reactive species generation, and plasma properties. Two-dimensional images of the electron density and electric field intensity illustrate that streamer propagation is strongly influenced by the reactor geometry, particularly, the neighboring wire distance

Fluid-particle hybrid simulation on the transports of plasma, recycling neutrals, and carbon impurities in the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research divertor region

A two-dimensional simulation modeling that has been performed in a self-consistent way for analysis on the fully coupled transports of plasma, recycling neutrals, and intrinsic carbon impurities in the divertor domain of tokamaks is presented. The numerical model coupling the three major species transports in the tokamak edge is based on a fluid-particle hybrid approach where the plasma is described as a single magnetohydrodynamic fluid while the neutrals and impurities are treated as kinetic particles using the Monte Carlo technique. This simulation code is applied to the KSTAR (Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Researchd) tokamak [G. S. Lee, J. Kim, S. M. Hwang et al., Nucl. Fusion 40, 575 (2000)] to calculate the peak heat flux on the divertor plate and to explore the divertor plasma behavior depending on the upstream conditions in its base line operation mode for various values of input heating power and separatrix plasma density. The numerical modeling for the KSTAR tokamak shows that its full-powered operation is subject to the peak heat loads on the divertor plate exceeding an engineering limit, and reveals that the recycling zone is formed in front of the divertor by increasing plasma density and by reducing power flow into the scrape-off layer. Compared with other researchers work, the present hybrid simulation more rigorously reproduces severe electron pressure losses along field lines by the presence of recycling zone accounting for the transitions between the sheath limited and the detached divertor regimes. The substantial profile changes in carbon impurity population and ionic composition also represent the key features of this divertor regime transition

Predictive Numerical Simulations on the Formation of Internal Transport Barriers in the Reversed Shear Regime of KSTAR Tokamak

Numerical simulations have been carried out to predict the formation of internal transport barriers (ITBs) in the reversed shear (RS) regime of Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) tokamak by using the ASTRA-1.5D transport code coupled with a simplified neutral beam injection (SINBI) code developed for this work. The present simulations employ a multi-mode transport model, MMM95, for anomalous transport calculations and use neutral beam injection for additional plasma heating and current drive. The simulations for the KSTAR plasmas reveal that ITBs are formed in the RS regime by control of flow shear and by very low magnetic shear, and steep gradient regions apparently reside in both the ion and the electron temperature profiles. Suppression of plasma transport has been considered in this simulation work in two ways: control of the coefficient deciding the strength of flow shearing rate and addition of the effect of magnetic shear to the flow shear.Supported by the Korea Basic Science Institute

In Utero Exposure to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin Affects the Development of Reproductive System in Mouse

PURPOSE: Exposure of male reproductive organs to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) has been reported to cause developmental changes. In this study, we evaluated the effects of in utero TCDD exposure on male reproductive development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were administered a single intraperitoneal injection of TCDD (1microgram/kg) on gestation day (GD) 15. The offspring were examined in the immature stage on postnatal day (PND) 30 and in the mature stage on PND 60. The testes were examined for histological changes, androgen receptor (AR), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and apoptosis following the measurement of morphological changes. RESULTS: Anogenital distance (AGD) and testis weights were reduced by TCDD exposure both on PND 30 and PND 60 while body weights and length of male offspring were not affected by TCDD. The regular sperm developmental stage was impaired with TCDD treatment on PND 30. However, no difference was found between the control group and TCDD groups on PND 60. Simultaneously, the expression of AR was also reduced on PND 30, while it was increased on PND 60 compared with the control group. The expression of PCNA was decreased whereas apoptosis was not affected by TCDD both on PND 30 and PND 60. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that in utero exposure to TCDD influences the development of testes by inhibiting the expression of AR and PCNA. Moreover, the adverse effects of TCDD on male offspring reduced over timeope

Numerical Simulation on Mode Transition of Atmospheric Dielectric Barrier Discharge in Helium-Oxygen Mixture

A one-dimensional numerical simulation of a homogeneous dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) has been carried out for a nonequilibrium helium-oxygen mixture plasma to understand the influences of oxygen additive on its discharge characteristics at atmospheric pressure. The numerical results obtained by solving continuity equations for plasma species and Poisson equation show that, depending on the amount of oxygen added, the homogenous barrier discharge turns out to have two fundamental modes: glow and Townsend. When oxygen is rare, the discharge has similar characteristics to the dc glow discharge at low pressure. As the oxygen additive increases, the discharge characteristics of the glow mode are destroyed and changed into the Townsend mode. The reason for this mode transition is due to the fact that oxygen plays an important role both in quenching helium metastables and in attaching electrons on it in the plasma. As a practical method of sustaining the glow mode even with high oxygen concentration in the discharge, adjustment of the frequency of applied driving voltage is introduced. The numerical simulation reveals that the glow mode recovers from the Townsend mode by increasing the frequency while the amount of oxygen is highly contained. Finally, discharge operation regimes for the glow and Townsend modes are numerically obtained, which are dependent on both oxygen additive and applied frequency