Early methodist experience: some prototypical accounts

A great many 20th century studies of 18th century Methodism concern John Wesley himself, and even those which promise to tell you about early Methodist beliefs and activities often turn out to be largely based on Wesley’s alone. Few have concerned themselves with the humble folk who followed him. Yet it is impossible properly to understand even why Wesley himself believed and behaved in the way he did without taking account of the minds and desires of his disciples

Phylogenetic analysis of PAP proteins in plants.

<p>For Arabidopsis, the AGI symbol is presented, while for other species, the first two letters of each protein label represent the abbreviated species name, which is followed by the GenBank accession number. Gm: <i>Glycine max</i>; LI: <i>Lupinus luteus</i>; Mt: <i>Medicago truncatula</i>; Nt: <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i>; Pv: <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>; St: <i>Solanum tuberosum</i>. The ranges of protein molecular mass are also listed.</p

Transcripts of <i>PvPAPs</i> in leaves and roots during Pi starvation in common bean.

<p>PvTC3216 (<i>EF-1α</i>) was used as an internal control. Expression of the <i>PvPAP</i>s is shown as relative to the <i>EF-1α</i> reference using arbitrary units. Each bar shows the mean of four replicates with standard error. Different letters mean significant difference.</p

Accelerating the Peroxidase-Like Activity of Gold Nanoclusters at Neutral pH for Colorimetric Detection of Heparin and Heparinase Activity

The peroxidase-like catalytic activity of gold nanoclusters (Au-NCs) is quite low around physiological pH, which greatly limits their biological applications. Herein, we found heparin can greatly accelerate the peroxidase-like activity of Au-NCs at neutral pH. The catalytic activity of Au-NCs toward the peroxidase substrate 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidation by H₂O₂ was 25-fold increased in the presence of heparin at pH 7. The addition of heparin not only accelerated the initial catalytic rate of Au-NCs but also prevented the Au-NCs from catalyst deactivation. This allows the sensitive colorimetric detection of heparin at neutral pH. In the presence of heparinase, heparin was hydrolyzed into small fragments, weakening the enhancement effect of catalytic activity. On the basis of this phenomenon, the colorimetric determination of heparinase in the range from 0.1 to 3 μg·mL^–1 was developed with a detection limit of 0.06 μg·mL^–1. Finally, the detection of heparin and heparinase activity in diluted serum samples was also demonstrated

Dynamics of APase activities in leaves and roots in common bean during Pi starvation.

<p><i>F</i> value of ANOVA: Leaves, 81.61 for genotype (<i>p</i><0.05); 9.98 for P treatment (<i>p</i><0.05); Roots, 3.12 for genotype (NS); 4.26 for P treatment (<i>p</i><0.05). NS means the difference is not significant at 0.05 level. Each bar shows the mean of four replicates with standard error.</p

Subcellular localization of PvPAPs fused to GFP protein in onion epidermal cells.

<p>The top two rows show the empty vector control before and after plasmolyzing, followed by <i>PvPAP1-GFP</i>, <i>PvPAP2-GFP</i>, <i>PvPAP4-GFP</i>, and <i>PvPAP5-GFP</i> constructs before and after plasmolyzing. Cells were observed by green GFP fluorescence of the GFP and the PvPAP-GFP proteins and red propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence of the cell wall. Bars = 100 µm.</p

Utilization of dNTPs in transgenic Arabidopsis with <i>PvPAP3</i> overexpression.

<p>A) qPCR analysis, APase activities and western blot of <i>PvPAP3</i> transcripts in the transgenic plants. Each bar shows the mean of four replicates with standard error; B) Fresh weight and total P content of plants supplied with different dNTPs. WT represents wild-type plants; Two over expressing <i>PvPAP3</i> transgenic lines are separately shown as OX-1 and OX-2. Plants were grown in MS medium without KH₂PO₄ application, but with 0, 50 or 250 µM dNTP supplication. Each bar shows the mean of four replicates with standard error. Different letters mean significant difference (<i>p</i><0.05).</p

Transcripts and APase activities in the transgenic hairy roots.

<p>A) Transcripts of <i>PvPAPs</i> in the transgenic hairy roots. B) Internal APase activities; C) Root associated APase activities; Expression levels of <i>PvPAP1</i>, <i>PvPAP3</i>, <i>PvPAP4</i> and <i>PvPAP5</i> were normalized by their expression levels in the transgenic lines transformed with the empty vector, respectively. CK represents transgenic line transformed with the empty vector; OX-PvPAP1,3–5 means transgenic hairy roots with overexpressing <i>PvPAP1</i>, <i>PvPAP3</i>, <i>PvPAP4</i> and <i>PvPAP5</i>, respectively. Each bar is the mean of four biological replicates with standard error. Star symbols represent significant difference between the CK line and OX-PvPAP lines through student’s <i>t</i> test (<i>p</i><0.05).</p

Additional file 3 of Interaction of miR-200a-3p with YAP regulates cell proliferation and metastasis differentially in HPV-positive and HPV-negative cervical cancer cells

Additional file 3

Root Interactions in a Maize/Soybean Intercropping System Control Soybean Soil-Borne Disease, Red Crown Rot

<div><p>Background</p><p>Within-field multiple crop species intercropping is well documented and used for disease control, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. As roots are the primary organ for perceiving signals in the soil from neighboring plants, root behavior may play an important role in soil-borne disease control.</p><p>Principal Findings</p><p>In two years of field experiments, maize/soybean intercropping suppressed the occurrence of soybean red crown rot, a severe soil-borne disease caused by <i>Cylindrocladium parasiticum</i> (<i>C. parasiticum</i>). The suppressive effects decreased with increasing distance between intercropped plants under both low P and high P supply, suggesting that root interactions play a significant role independent of nutrient status. Further detailed quantitative studies revealed that the diversity and intensity of root interactions altered the expression of important soybean <i>PR</i> genes, as well as, the activity of corresponding enzymes in both P treatments. Furthermore, 5 phenolic acids were detected in root exudates of maize/soybean intercropped plants. Among these phenolic acids, cinnamic acid was released in significantly greater concentrations when intercropped maize with soybean compared to either crop grown in monoculture, and this spike in cinnamic acid was found dramatically constrain <i>C. parasiticum</i> growth <i>in vitro</i>.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report to demonstrate that intercropping with maize can promote resistance in soybean to red crown rot in a root-dependent manner. This supports the point that intercropping may be an efficient ecological strategy to control soil-borne plant disease and should be incorporated in sustainable agricultural management practices.</p></div