72,149 research outputs found
Broadband optical radiation detector
A method and apparatus for detecting optical radiation by optically monitoring temperature changes in a microvolume caused by absorption of the optical radiation to be detected is described. More specifically, a thermal lens forming material is provided which has first and second opposite, substantially parallel surfaces. A reflective coating is formed on the first surface, and a radiation absorbing coating is formed on the reflective coating. Chopped, incoming optical radiation to be detected is directed to irradiate a small portion of the radiation absorbing coating. Heat generated in this small area is conducted to the lens forming material through the reflective coating, thereby raising the temperature of a small portion of the lens forming material and causing a thermal lens to be formed therein
Double-beam optical method and apparatus for measuring thermal diffusivity and other molecular dynamic processes in utilizing the transient thermal lens effect
A sample material was irradiated by relatively high power, short pulses from a dye laser. Energy from the pulses was absorbed by the sample material, thereby forming a thermal lens in the area of absorption. The pulse repetition rate was chosen so that the thermal lens is substantially dissipated by the time the next pulse reaches the sample material. A probe light beam, which in a specific embodiment is a relatively low power, continuous wave (cw) laser beam, irradiated the thermal lens formed in the sample material. The intensity characteristics of the probe light beam subsequent to irradiation of the thermal lens is related to changes in the refractive index of the sample material as the thermal lens is formed and dissipated
Flavor-Changing Top Quark Rare Decays in the Littlest Higgs Model with T-Parity
We analyze the rare and flavor changing decay of the top quark into a charm
quark and a gauge boson in the littlest Higgs model with T-parity (LHT). We
calculate the one-loop level contributions from the T-parity odd mirror quarks
and gauge bosons. We find that the decay in the LHT
model can be significantly enhanced relative to those in the Standard Model.
Our numerical results show that the top quark FCNC decay can be as large as
, and in the favorite parameter space in the LHT model.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure
Provable Deterministic Leverage Score Sampling
We explain theoretically a curious empirical phenomenon: "Approximating a
matrix by deterministically selecting a subset of its columns with the
corresponding largest leverage scores results in a good low-rank matrix
surrogate". To obtain provable guarantees, previous work requires randomized
sampling of the columns with probabilities proportional to their leverage
scores.
In this work, we provide a novel theoretical analysis of deterministic
leverage score sampling. We show that such deterministic sampling can be
provably as accurate as its randomized counterparts, if the leverage scores
follow a moderately steep power-law decay. We support this power-law assumption
by providing empirical evidence that such decay laws are abundant in real-world
data sets. We then demonstrate empirically the performance of deterministic
leverage score sampling, which many times matches or outperforms the
state-of-the-art techniques.Comment: 20th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Minin
Broad-band grating filters for thin-film optical waveguides
Broad-band grating filters have been fabricated on glass thin-film waveguides and evaluated with a tunable dye laser. Measured and calculated filter responses were found to be in good agreement. Grating filters with bandwidths of 300 and 150 Ã…, and reflectivities of 18 and 40%, respectively, are reported
Nonlinear dynamic analysis of shells of revolution by matrix displacement method
Nonlinear dynamic analysis of shells of revolution by matrix displacement metho
Variational Approach to Hard Sphere Segregation Under Gravity
It is demonstrated that the minimization of the free energy functional for
hard spheres and hard disks yields the result that excited granular materials
under gravity segregate not only in the widely known "Brazil nut" fashion, i.e.
with the larger particles rising to the top, but also in reverse "Brazil nut"
fashion. Specifically, the local density approximation is used to investigate
the crossover between the two types of segregation occurring in the liquid
state, and the results are found to agree qualitatively with previously
published results of simulation and of a simple model based on condensation.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
BRST extension of the Faddeev model
The Faddeev model is a second class constrained system. Here we construct its
nilpotent BRST operator and derive the ensuing manifestly BRST invariant
Lagrangian. Our construction employs the structure of Stuckelberg fields in a
nontrivial fashion.Comment: 4 pages, new references adde
EXIST: Mission Design Concept and Technology Program
The Energetic X-ray Imaging Survey Telescope (EXIST) is a proposed very large
area coded aperture telescope array, incorporating 8m^2 of pixellated Cd-Zn-Te
(CZT) detectors, to conduct a full-sky imaging and temporal hard x-ray (10-600
keV) survey each 95min orbit. With a sensitivity (5sigma, 1yr) of ~0.05mCrab
(10-150 keV), it will extend the ROSAT soft x-ray (0.5-2.5keV) and proposed
ROSITA medium x-ray (2-10 keV) surveys into the hard x-ray band and enable
identification and study of sources ~10-20X fainter than with the ~15-100keV
survey planned for the upcoming Swift mission. At ~100-600 keV, the ~1mCrab
sensitivity is 300X that achieved in the only previous (HEAO-A4, non-imaging)
all-sky survey. EXIST will address a broad range of key science objectives:
from obscured AGN and surveys for black holes on all scales, which constrain
the accretion history of the universe, to the highest sensitivity and
resolution studies of gamma-ray bursts it will conduct as the Next Generation
Gamma-Ray Burst mission. We summarize the science objectives and mission
drivers, and the results of a mission design study for implementation as a free
flyer mission, with Delta IV launch. Key issues affecting the telescope and
detector design are discussed, and a summary of some of the current design
concepts being studied in support of EXIST is presented for the wide-field but
high resolution coded aperture imaging and very large area array of imaging CZT
detectors. Overall mission design is summarized, and technology development
needs and a development program are outlined which would enable the launch of
EXIST by the end of the decade, as recommended by the NAS/NRC Decadal Survey.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables. PDF file only. Presented at SPIE (Aug.
2002) and to appear in Proc. SPIE, vol. 485
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