3 research outputs found
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The effects of epinephrine on ciliary beat frequency in human sinonasal mucosa
Mucociliary clearance is an important physiological mechanism for clearing the upper airways. Previously, it has been shown that different disease processes and drugs affect ciliary beat frequency (CBF). Namely, epinephrine has been shown to accelerate CBF in various animal models. Additionally, phase contrast microscopy (PCM) and spectrally encoded interferometric microscopy (SEIM) have been used to image dynamic tissue of the upper airway. Herein, we explore the effects of epinephrine on human sinonasal mucosa through PCM and SEIM. Sinonasal mucosa was harvested from patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Tissue was imaged using PCM and SEIM, maintaining physiological temperature through the use of warmed HBSS and a heating plate. Videos were taken before addition of any drugs as baseline. Epinephrine was diluted to 1 mg/mL (1:1000) and 1mL of solution was introduced to the sinonasal mucosa. PCM and SEIM was performed after to determine effects of epinephrine on CBF. Data analysis was performed using MATLAB (Mathworks, Natick, Massachusetts). Human sinonasal mucosa, taken from various anatomic locations, showed CBF values on PCM and SEIM consistent with what has been shown in previous literature. Upon addition of epinephrine to sinonasal mucosa, a marked increase in CBF was observed in both PCM and SEIM. In conclusion, the addition of epinephrine to sinonasal mucosa increased ciliary beat frequency. This validates the use of SEIM for determining CBF in sinonasal tissues. Further studies include adding to our sample size to determine a more accurate magnitude of increase of CBF
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Temperature Profile Measurement From Radiofrequency Nasal Airway Reshaping Device
ObjectiveNasal airway obstruction (NAO) is caused by various disorders including nasal valve collapse (NVC). A bipolar radiofrequency (RF) device (VivAer®, Aerin Medical, Sunnyvale, CA) has been used to treat NAO through RF heat generation to the upper lateral cartilage (ULC). The purpose of this study is to measure temperature elevations in nasal tissue, using infrared (IR) radiometry to map the spatial and temporal evolution of temperature.Study designExperimental and computational.MethodsComposite porcine nasal septum was harvested and sectioned (1 mm and 2 mm). The device was used to heat the cartilage in composite porcine septum. An IR camera (FLIR® ExaminIR, Teledyne, Wilsonville, OR) was used to image temperature on the back surface of the specimen. These data were incorporated into a heat transfer finite element model that also calculated tissue damage using Arrhenius rate process.ResultsIR temperature imaging showed peak back surface temperatures of 49.57°C and 42.21°C in 1 and 2 mm thick septums respectively. Temperature maps were generated demonstrating the temporal and spatial evolution of temperature. A finite element model generated temperature profiles with respect to time and depth. Rate process models using Arrhenius coefficients showed 30% chondrocyte death at 1 mm depth after 18 s of RF treatment.ConclusionThe use of this device creates a thermal profile that may result in thermal injury to cartilage. Computational modeling suggests chondrocyte death extending as deep as 1.4 mm below the treatment surface. Further studies should be performed to improve dosimetry and optimize the heating process to reduce potential injury. Laryngoscope, 2023