CENTER-LINE PRESSURE DISTRIBUTIONS ON TWO-DIMENSIONAL BODIES WITH LEADING-EDGE ANGLES GREATER THAN THAT FOR SHOCK DETACHMENT AT MACH NUMBER 6 AND ANGLES OF ATTACK UP TO 25 DEG

Center-line pressure distribution on two- dimensional bodie

The space shuttle launch vehicle aerodynamic verification challenges

The Space Shuttle aerodynamics and performance communities were challenged to verify the Space Shuttle vehicle (SSV) aerodynamics and system performance by flight measurements. Historically, launch vehicle flight test programs which faced these same challenges were unmanned instrumented flights of simple aerodynamically shaped vehicles. However, the manned SSV flight test program made these challenges more complex because of the unique aerodynamic configuration powered by the first man-rated solid rocket boosters (SRB). The analyses of flight data did not verify the aerodynamics or performance preflight predictions of the first flight of the Space Transportation System (STS-1). However, these analyses have defined the SSV aerodynamics and verified system performance. The aerodynamics community also was challenged to understand the discrepancy between the wind tunnel and flight defined aerodynamics. The preflight analysis challenges, the aerodynamic extraction challenges, and the postflight analyses challenges which led to the SSV system performance verification and which will lead to the verification of the operational ascent aerodynamics data base are presented

Differentiating between the effect of rapid dietary acculturation and the effect of living away from home for the first time, on the diets of Greek students studying in Glasgow

The diets of University students, particularly those living away from the family home, are characterised by a number of undesirable practices such as meal skipping, frequent snacking and low intakes of fruits and vegetables. This study aimed to identify the extent to which the previously reported negative changes in the eating habits of Greek students living in Glasgow were the result of rapid dietary acculturation (the 'Glasgow effect'), and the extent to which these changes were the result of living away from the family home for the first time. Using a self-administered questionnaire, we assessed the diets before and after commencing University of Greek Students living in the family home (n = 43) or away from home either in Greece (n = 37) or in Glasgow (n = 55). No significant changes were observed in the diets Of Students who continued to live at home after starting university. Significant changes observed only in the Students living in Glasgow were decreases in consumption frequency of fresh fruits, meat and cheese, and increases in consumption of snack foods. These changes were attributed to rapid dietary acculturation. Young Greek adults faced difficulties in maintaining a traditional Mediterranean diet after leaving the family home, particularly after moving to a Northern European environment

Analysis of the No-Flow Criterion Based on Accurate Crystallization Data for the Simulation of Injection Molding of Semi-Crystalline Thermoplastics

Abstract It is well known in practice that the shape and dimensions of injected parts are highly dependent on the packing-holding stage. A major problem in semi-crystalline polymers is the prediction of the solidified layer, whose thickness has an important effect on shrinkage and warpage. We propose a pragmatic approach based on the concept of no-flow temperature. This temperature should be related to crystallization temperature, but the choice is not easy because it depends on cooling rate and pressure which are functions of time and position. The objective of the work is to evaluate the sensitivity of an injection molding computation to the no-flow temperature and to evaluate the relevance of its choice. The crystallization temperature of an isotactic polypropylene is determined as a function of cooling rate and pressure in laboratory experiments. The pressure dependence is measured using the original Cristapress cell. As a case study, we simulate the filling and post-filling of a plate mold using Rem3D, a 3D code for injection molding. Three no-flow temperatures and two sets of parameters for temperature dependence of viscosity are tested. Their respective influences on the pressure evolution are shown, and the crystallization temperature calculated a posteriori using the experimental material data is compared to the “arbitrary” no-flow temperature