Microgrid working conditions identification based on cluster analysis. A case study from lambda microgrid

This article presents the application of cluster analysis (CA) to data proceeding from a testbed microgrid located at Sapienza University of Rome. The microgrid consists of photovoltaic (PV), battery storage system (BESS), emergency generator set, and different types of load with a real-time energy management system based on supervisory control and data acquisition. The investigation is based on the area-related approach - the CA algorithm considers the input database consisting of data from all measurement points simultaneously. Under the investigation, different distance measures (Euclidean, Chebyshev, or Manhattan), as well as an approach to the optimal number of cluster selections. Based on the investigation, the four different clusters that represent working conditions were obtained using methods to define an optimal number of clusters. Cluster 1 represented time with high PV production; cluster 2 represented time with relatively low PV production and when BESS was charged; cluster 3 represents time with relatively high PV production and when BESS was charged; cluster 4 represents time without PV production. Additionally, after the clustering process, a deep analysis was performed in relation to the working condition of the microgrid

Robust Switch Selection in Radial Distribution Systems Using Combinatorial Optimization

Selecting the best type of equipment among available switches with different prices and reliability levels is a significant challenge in distribution system planning. In this paper, the optimal type of switches in a radial distribution system is selected by considering the total cost and reliability criterion and using the weighted augmented epsilon constraint method and combinatorial optimization. A new index is calculated to assess the robustness of each Pareto solution. Moreover, for each failure, repair time is considered based on historical data. Monte Carlo simulations are used to consider the switch failure uncertainty and fault repair time uncertainty in the model. The proposed framework is applied to an RTBS Bus-2 test system. Furthermore, the model is also applied to an industrial system to verify the proposed method's excellent performance in larger practical engineering problems