Tactical or strategic modelling of freight transport logistics in a meso-economic framework

The paper describes a freight transport model that computes a regional transport flow pattern (OD-matrix) from a trade flow structure (PC-matrix). Two important features of the model are the use of regional transport centers in the transport chain bulding, and a representation of assumed large-scale operational advantages of transport agents operating in a transport logistics system

How does urban discharge affect a lake in a recreational area in central Sweden? : a comparison of metals in the sediments of three similar lakes

Metal contamination of lakes can bring negative effects to aquatic biota, and to the general health of the ecosystem. Urban discharge is a known source of common metals. In cold regions, snow disposal sites further enhances the risk of contaminating recipient lakes, due to accumulation of pollutants. The importance of this source is poorly known and is further investigated in this study. Metal content in the sediments of the urban Lake Lillsjön in central Sweden was analysed. Close to Lillsjön is an area with commercial activity, small industries, and a snow disposal site where melt water runs off to Lillsjön. The sediments of Lillsjön were compared with two reference lakes located in the same region. Samples were analysed with Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) techniques. The uppermost sediment layer in Lillsjön indicate enhanced concentrations of almost all examined metals. In Lillsjön lead occurred in 16 times higher concentrations at 0-3 cm than the underlying sediment layers. Levels of typical “road metals” like copper, zinc, cadmium and lead deviate from Swedish EPA’s values for pristine lake sediments. There is a risk for negative consequences on biota in Lillsjön. The likely factor causing these enhanced metal concentrations in Lillsjön is the urban discharge with the snow disposal site as a substantial contributor.Tidigare undersökningar har visat att inflödet av metaller till Lillsjön är högre än utflödet. Detta ledde till att följande studie fokuserades på metallinnehållet i Lillsjöns bottensediment för att utvärdera om den urbana omgivningen påverkar Lillsjön i negativ bemärkelse. Lillsjön är en populär badsjö belägen i ett rekreationsområde nära centrala Östersund. I avrinningsområdet finns mestadels skogsmark men också urbana inslag som ett handelsområde med tung trafik samt en snötipp. Metallföroreningar i sjöar kan orsaka negativa effekter på vattenlevande organismer, samt på hela ekosystemens hälsa. Avrinning från urbana miljöer utgör en källa för många vanliga metaller. Metallföroreningar har visat sig ackumuleras i bottensediment och finns därför kvar i ekosystemen långt efter utsläppen skett. Sedimenten i Lillsjön jämfördes med två referenssjöar belägna i eller strax utanför Östersund. Resultaten från denna studie visar tydligt att Lillsjön påverkats under de senaste decennierna. De ytligaste sedimenten visade förhöjda koncentrationer av nästan alla undersökta metaller. Förekomsten av bly is ytsedimenten i Lillsjön var 16 gånger högre än i de djupare sedimenten. Typiska vägmetaller som koppar, zink, kadmium och bly avviker dessutom betydligt från naturvårdsverkets bakgrundsvärden för naturliga sjösediment. Lillsjön löper alltså risk för negativa konsekvenser på levande organismer. Troligen orsakas de höga metallhalterna i Lillsjön av dess omgivning med tung trafik, små industrier och smältvatten från kommunens största snötipp som ligger i direkt anslutning till sjön

A TYPOLOGY OF BRAND ORIENTATION - A CASE STUDY OF CORPORATE BRAND MANAGEMENT

ABSTRACT Title: A Typology of Brand Orientation Case Study of Corporate Brand Management Seminar date: 27/05/13 Course: Degree project in International Marketing and Brand management, Master Level, BUSN 39, 15 University Credit Points (15 ECTS). Authors: Christina Ericsson & Gustaf Holmblad Supervisor: Mats Urde Key words: Brand Orientation, CBIM Framework, Strategic Orientation, Market Orientation, Strategic Brand Management Thesis purpose: The purpose and the main focus of this study is to give empirical examples as well as to contribute to a typology showing ways in which organizations can be brand oriented. Methodology: Following a social constructionist approach the study takes a mainly qualitative form concerning a comparative case study of four contrasting cases. In addition to the qualitative study, a smaller quantitative method is undertaken. Furthermore, the research is mainly deductive but is combined with an inductive structure in the end of the research process. The data is collected primarily through semi-structured interviews, but adds a structured interview part as well. Theoretical foundation: The literature review creates the foundation for the theoretical framework as well as the following discussion and analysis. Especially Urde’s (2013) CBIM Framework is presented and described in detail, as it is seen as the appropriate model for analysis and for making a suitable contribution to the field. Empirical foundation: The empirical data is based upon semi-structured as well as structured interviews with 4 corporate brand organizations concerning two businesses- to business companies and two business- to-consumer companies. The respondents are Communications managers as well as corporate brand managers. Conclusion: The study firstly concludes that a brand oriented mindset can be manifested through the CBIM framework. Secondly, the study finds nuances in the brand orientation strategy, namely Internal brand consciousness and Internal brand commitment. These are the two ways that the brand oriented mindset can differ between organizations

TIM: En trafikmodel til belysning af Timemodellen

Dette papir redegør for opbygningen af en simpel trafikmodel (TIM), som DTU Transport har opstillet for Trafikstyrelsen og Transportministeriet til overordnet foreløbigt at kunne belyse effekter af Time-modellen i diverse scenarier for vej- og baneinfrastrukturen. &nbsp

En godstrafikmodel for Øresundsregionen - GORM 1.1: Model og beregninger

Dette papir gennemgår summarisk opbygningen af godstrafikmodellen GORM 1.1, og implementeringen af PC-modellen i ArcGIS’s ModelBuilder miljø. Desuden præsenteres et par eksempler på modellens foreløbige resultater. I 2005 påbegyndte det daværende Danmarks TransportForskning (DTF) og Center for Trafik og Transport (CTT), der nu tilsammen udgør DTU Transport, et projekt med støtte fra Interreg IIIA programmet for Øresundsregionen og med bidrag fra og i samarbejde med flere danske og svenske partnere at udvikle en godstrafikmodel for Øresundsregionen. Projektet havde til formål at styrke samarbejdet omkring den trafikmæssige planlægning i regionen gennem arbejdet med udvikling af en PC-baseret godstrafikmodel med fokus på godsstrømme af betydning for Øresundsregionen. Det er tanken, at modellens modulære opbygning og implementering omkring ArcGIS- modelrammen vil udgøre et attraktivt brugermiljø og en bæredygtig platform for løbende implementering af eventuelt forbedrede moduler for eksisterende delmodeller og udbygning med yderligere modelfaciliteter. Detaljeret dokumentation af modellen er tilgængelig på ModelCenter’s hjemmeside [1]

Etablering af basismatricer for godstransport til en national godstrafikmodel og en godstrafikmodel for Øresundsregionen

Papiret opridser fremgangmåder og metoder, som benyttes eller tænkes anvendt i forbindelse med etablering af basismatricer til En godstrafikmodel for Øresundsregionen. Det har været hensigten i så vid udstrækning som muligt at involvere eksisterende udarbejdet datagrundlag fra tidligere udviklede godstrafikmodeller. Således bearbejdes og omregnes eksempelvis basismatricer fra SENEX-, LDK- og SAMGODS-modellerne. De estimerede basismatricer for godstranportstrømme detaljeres på 814 zoner, 5 transportformer og 52 varegrupper

Vendor independent control database for virtual preparation and formal verification

It is very advantageous to use virtual techniques for testing and developing new hardware and software systems within a manufacturing system. It is, however, of greatest importance that the virtual model can be trusted so that the results of the development and tests can be directly transferred to a real system without any manual last minute changes. In order to trust the result, formal verification techniques can be applied and by doing that guaranteeing a correct system behavior. Today, there is a gap between how systems are modeled in simulation softwares and formal verification softwares and it is therefore hard to perform formal verification. In order to limit the risk of introducing errors it is also important that the specifications created in the simulation softwares are not manually converted into formal languages. The present paper presents a method for sharing information between the different virtual development tools and formal verification tools. A database, storing necessary control information for verification and controller synthesis, is presented