Continuous production of copper from concentrates

THIS paper presents the basic techniques and research results on pyro-metallurgical continuous production of copper from sulphide concentrates. Production of copper from sulphide flotation concentrates accounts for about 75° % of the total production of the metal. The standard techniques adopted for this purpose had attained a good measure of engineering proficiency but attempts were made to develop better methods and in the 1950's new techniques for concentration smelting of copper mattes were established, such as the cyclone smelting process developed in the USSR and investigated at the Metal Research Institute at Panenske Brezany in Czechoslovakia , and two interesting techniques for autogenous matte smelting : the INCO and OUTO KUMPU process which treats copper concentrates in converters ( Hitachi techniques) and the continuous conversion of mattes into white mattes in a system developed by Prof. Diomidovsky

A Doctor Facing Turbulent Times: Antoni Tomasz Jurasz, Citizen of the World

The eponymous of the Jurasz procedure is Antoni Tomasz Jurasz (1882–1961). The procedure is a standard approach to treating mature pancreatic pseudocysts that are in contact with the stomach, although recent advances in instrumentation have empowered surgeons to perform pseudocystogastrostomy laparoscopically for this problem. Dr. Jurasz was born in Germany but felt himself as Polish as his ancestors. He graduated from Heidelberg with a degree in medicine. Over the following years, he developed a German surgery school, especially helping with the achievements of Erich Lexer and Erwin Payr. During the period between World Wars I and II, Jurasz chaired and led the Surgery Clinic of Poznan University in Poland; and he gave lectures and performed public operations abroad. These activities, together with articles published in German-, French-, and English-language medical journals, made him a world-renowned figure in the field of abdominal and thyroid surgery. During World War II, he revealed exceptional traits, taking part in the September Campaign in Poland as a surgeon. He then organized the Polish School of Medicine and the Paderewski Hospital in Edinburgh. Despite his outstanding mind, generosity, and merits, A. T. Jurasz became persona non grata in Communist Poland, which ultimately persuaded him to emigrate to the United States

Access-port fixation on the left pectoral fascia in laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding.

Item does not contain fulltextAccess-port (AP) complications after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) are often seen but seldom reported in literature. AP complications requiring additional surgery is reported in 3.6% to 24% of LAGB patients (Susmallian et al. Obes. Surg, 4:128-131, 2003; Peterli et al. Obes. Surg., 12(6):851-856, 2002; Busetto et al. Obes. Surg., 12:83-92, 2002; Mittermair et al. Obes. Surg., 19:446-450, 2009; Holeczy et al. Obes. Surg., 9:453-455, 1999; Bueter et al. Arch. Surg., 393:199-205, 2008; Launay-Savary et al. Obes Surg, 18:1406-1410, 2008; Balsiger et al. J. Gastrointest. Surg., 11:1470-1477, 2007; Szold and Abu-Abeid Surg. Endosc., 16:230-233, 2002). We evaluated the effect of fixing the AP on the pectoral fascia using the Velocity Injection Port on complication and re-operation rate. From January 2005 till October 2007, 619 LAGB procedures were performed using the SAGB QuickClose. All procedures were performed by three dedicated surgeons using the pars flaccida technique. APs were placed on the fascia of the pectoral muscle using an infra-mammary incision. The AP device was fixed on the fascia using the Velocity Injection Port and Applier. Data was obtained retrospectively and records of 619 consecutive patients were reviewed for access-port complications. Sixty-eight AP complications were observed. Complications could be divided in four categories. Discomfort was reported in 30 patients, seven needing additional surgery. Infection contributed to 11 patients needing surgical removal of the device. Fourteen Patients with superficial infection were treated conservatively. Nine patients had inaccessible APs. Ultrasound-guided access was required in three patients. The remainder needed surgical relocation of the AP. Leakage of the tube was observed in four patients all of which needed revisional surgery. Our experience shows that fixation of the AP on the left pectoral fascia using the Velocity leads to a readily accessible AP with good anaesthetic and aesthetic results. In our series, 68 (11%) complications were recorded, of which 28 (4.5%) needed additional surgery.1 maart 201