Mood disorders in everyday life: A systematic review of experience sampling and ecological momentary assessment studies

In the past two decades, the study of mood disorder patients using experience sampling methods (ESM) and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has yielded important findings. In patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), the dynamics of their everyday mood have been associated with various aspects of their lives. To some degree similar studies have been conducted in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). In this paper we present the results of a systematic review of all ESM/EMA studies in MDD and BD to date. We focus not only on the correlates of patients' everyday mood but also on the impact on treatment, residual symptoms in remitted patients, on findings in pediatric populations, on MDD/BD specificity, and on links with neuroscience. After reviewing these six topics, we highlight the benefits of ESM/EMA for researchers, clinicians, and patients, and offer suggestions for future studies. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Electronic and structural properties of crystalline and amorphous (TaNbHfTiZr)C from first principles

High entropy materials (HEMs) are of great interest for their mechanical, chemical and electronic properties. In this paper we analyse (TaNbHfTiZr)C, a carbide type of HEM, both in crystalline and amorphous phases, using density functional theory (DFT). We find that the relaxed lattice volume of the amorphous phase is larger, while its bulk modulus is lower, than that of its crystalline counterpart. Both phases are metallic with all the transition metals contributing similarly to the density of states close to the Fermi level, with Ti and Nb giving the proportionally largest contribution of states. We confirm that despite its great structural complexity, 2×2×2 supercells are large enough for reliable simulation of the presented mechanical and electronic properties by DFT

Electronic and structural properties of crystalline and amorphous (TaNbHfTiZr)C from first principles

High entropy materials (HEMs) are of great interest for their mechanical, chemical and electronic properties. In this paper we analyse (TaNbHfTiZr)C, a carbide type of HEM, both in crystalline and amorphous phases, using density functional theory (DFT). We find that the relaxed lattice volume of the amorphous phase is larger, while its bulk modulus is lower, than that of its crystalline counterpart. Both phases are metallic with all the transition metals contributing similarly to the density of states close to the Fermi level, with Ti and Nb giving the proportionally largest contribution of states. We confirm that despite its great structural complexity, 2×2×2 supercells are large enough for reliable simulation of the presented mechanical and electronic properties by DFT

Effect of hyperventilation during resistance exercise on hormonal response in humans

Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with abnormalities in speech and behavioural mimicry. These abnormalities may contribute to the impairments in interpersonal functioning that are often seen in MDD patients. MDD has also been associated with disturbances in the brain serotonin system, but the extent to which serotonin regulates speech and behavioural mimicry remains unclear. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover study, we induced acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) in individuals with or without a family history of MDD. Five hours afterwards, participants engaged in two behavioural-mimicry experiments in which speech and behaviour were recorded. ATD reduced the time participants waited before speaking, which might indicate increased impulsivity. However, ATD did not significantly alter speech otherwise, nor did it affect mimicry. This suggests that a brief lowering of brain serotonin has limited effects on verbal and non-verbal social behaviour. The null findings may be due to low test sensitivity, but they otherwise suggest that low serotonin has little effect on social interaction quality in never-depressed individuals. It remains possible that recovered MDD patients are more strongly affected