5,763 research outputs found
Warp-X: a new exascale computing platform for beam-plasma simulations
Turning the current experimental plasma accelerator state-of-the-art from a
promising technology into mainstream scientific tools depends critically on
high-performance, high-fidelity modeling of complex processes that develop over
a wide range of space and time scales. As part of the U.S. Department of
Energy's Exascale Computing Project, a team from Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, in collaboration with teams from SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, is developing a new
plasma accelerator simulation tool that will harness the power of future
exascale supercomputers for high-performance modeling of plasma accelerators.
We present the various components of the codes such as the new Particle-In-Cell
Scalable Application Resource (PICSAR) and the redesigned adaptive mesh
refinement library AMReX, which are combined with redesigned elements of the
Warp code, in the new WarpX software. The code structure, status, early
examples of applications and plans are discussed
Planning the Future of U.S. Particle Physics (Snowmass 2013): Chapter 6: Accelerator Capabilities
These reports present the results of the 2013 Community Summer Study of the
APS Division of Particles and Fields ("Snowmass 2013") on the future program of
particle physics in the U.S. Chapter 6, on Accelerator Capabilities, discusses
the future progress of accelerator technology, including issues for high-energy
hadron and lepton colliders, high-intensity beams, electron-ion colliders, and
necessary R&D for future accelerator technologies.Comment: 26 page
The Efroimsky formalism adapted to high-frequency perturbations
The Efroimsky perturbation scheme for consistent treatment of gravitational
waves and their influence on the background is summarized and compared with
classical Isaacson's high-frequency approach. We demonstrate that the Efroimsky
method in its present form is not compatible with the Isaacson limit of
high-frequency gravitational waves, and we propose its natural generalization
to resolve this drawback.Comment: 7 pages, to appear in Class. Quantum Gra
Speech Communication
Contains reports on six research projects.U. S. Air Force Command and Control Development Division under Contract AF19(604)-6102National Science Foundatio
Atrial fibrillation impairs the diagnostic performance of cardiac natriuretic peptides in dyspneic patients. results from the BACH Study (Biomarkers in ACute Heart Failure)
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) on the performance of mid-region amino terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) in comparison with the B-type peptides (BNP and NT-proBNP) for diagnosis of acute heart failure (HF) in dyspneic patients. Background: The effects of AF on the diagnostic and prognostic performance of MR-proANP in comparison with the B type natriuretic peptides have not been previously reported. Methods: A total of 1,445 patients attending the emergency department with acute dyspnea had measurements taken of MR-proANP, BNP, and NT-proBNP values on enrollment to the BACH trial and were grouped according to presence or absence of AF and HF. Results: AF was present in 242 patients. Plasma concentrations of all three peptides were lowest in those with neither AF nor HF and AF without HF was associated with markedly increased levels (p < 0.00001). HF with or without AF was associated with a significant further increment (p < 0.00001 for all three markers). Areas under receiver operator characteristic curves (AUCs) for discrimination of acute HF were similar and powerful for all peptides without AF (0.893 to 0.912; all p < 0.001) with substantial and similar reductions (0.701 to 0.757) in the presence of AF. All 3 peptides were independently prognostic but there was no interaction between any peptide and AF for prediction of all-cause mortality. Conclusions: AF is associated with increased plasma natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP, BNP and NT-proBNP) levels in the absence of HF. The diagnostic performance of all three peptides is impaired by AF. This warrants consideration of adjusted peptide thresholds for diagnostic use in AF and mandates the continued search for markers free of confounding by AF
Tunable Electron Multibunch Production in Plasma Wakefield Accelerators
Synchronized, independently tunable and focused J-class laser pulses are
used to release multiple electron populations via photo-ionization inside an
electron-beam driven plasma wave. By varying the laser foci in the laboratory
frame and the position of the underdense photocathodes in the co-moving frame,
the delays between the produced bunches and their energies are adjusted. The
resulting multibunches have ultra-high quality and brightness, allowing for
hitherto impossible bunch configurations such as spatially overlapping bunch
populations with strictly separated energies, which opens up a new regime for
light sources such as free-electron-lasers
Back reaction of a long range force on a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker background
It is possible that there may exist long-range forces in addition to gravity.
In this paper we construct a simple model for such a force based on exchange of
a massless scalar field and analyze its effect on the evolution of a
homogeneous Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmology. The presence of such an
interaction leads to an equation of state characterized by positive pressure
and to resonant particle production similar to that observed in preheating
scenarios.Comment: 14 pages, 6 color Postscript figures, LaTe
Plane Light-Like Shells and Impulsive Gravitational Waves in Scalar-Tensor Theories of Gravity
We study gravitational plane impulsive waves and electromagnetic shock waves
in a scalar-tensor theory of gravity of the Brans-Dicke type. In vacuum, we
present an exact solution of Brans-Dicke's field equations and give an example
in which a plane impulsive gravitational wave and a null shell of matter
coexist on the same hypersurface. In the homogenous case, we characterize them
by their surface energy density and wave amplitude and discuss the inhomogenous
case. We also give an exact solution of the Brans-Dicke's field equations in
the electrovacuum case which admits a true curvature singularity and use it to
built an example where a plane impulsive gravitational wave and an
electromagnetic shock wave have the same null hypersurface as history of their
wave fronts and propagate independently and decoupled from a null shell of
matter. This last solution is shown to correspond to the space-time describing
the interaction region resulting from the collision of two electromagnetic
shock waves leading to the formation of two gravitational impulsive waves. The
properties of this solution are discussed and compared to those of the
Bell-Szekeres solution of general relativity.Comment: 19 pages, latex, 1 figure, accepted for publication in Class. Quant.
Gra
The pseudomonas aeruginosa secreted protein PA2934 decreases apical membrane expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
We previously reported that Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 secretes a protein that can reduce the apical membrane expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. Here we report that we have used a proteomic approach to identify this secreted protein as PA2394, and we have named the gene cif, for CFTR inhibitory factor. We demonstrate that Cif is a secreted protein and is found associated with outer membrane-derived vesicles. Expression of Cif in Escherichia coli and purification of the C-terminal six-His-tagged Cif protein showed that Cif is necessary and sufficient to mediate the reduction in apical membrane expression of CFTR and a concomitant reduction in CFTR-mediated Cl− ion secretion. Cif demonstrates epoxide hydrolase activity in vitro and requires a highly conserved histidine residue identified in α/β hydrolase family enzymes to catalyze this reaction. Mutating this histidine residue also abolishes the ability of Cif to reduce apical membrane CFTR expression. Finally, we demonstrate that the cif gene is expressed in the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung and that nonmucoid isolates of P. aeruginosa show greater expression of the gene than do mucoid isolates. We propose a model in which the Cif-mediated decrease in apical membrane expression of CFTR by environmental isolates of P. aeruginosa facilitates the colonization of the CF lung by this microbe. <br /
The Universe Was Reionized Twice
We show the universe was reionized twice, first at z~15-16 and second at z~6.
Such an outcome appears inevitable, when normalizing to two well determined
observational measurements, namely, the epoch of the final cosmological
reionization at z~6 and the density fluctuations at z~6, which in turn are
tight ly constrained by Lyman alpha forest observations at z~3. These two
observations most importantly fix the product of star formation efficiency and
ionizing photon escape fraction from galaxies at high redshift. To the extent
that the relative star formation efficiencies in gaseous minihalos with H2
cooling and large halos with atomic cooling at high redshift are still unknown,
the primary source for the first reionization could be Pop III stars either in
minihalos or in large halos. We show that gas in minihalos can be cooled
efficiently by H2 molecules and star formation can continue to take place
largely unimpeded throughout the first reionization period, thanks to two new
mechanisms for generating a high X-ray background during the Pop III era, put
forth here. Moreover, an important process for producing a large number of H2
molecules in relic HII regions of Pop III galaxies, first pointed out by
Ricotti, Gnedin, & Shull, is quantified here. It is shown that the Lyman-Werner
background may never build up during the Pop III era. The long cosmological
reionization and reheating history is complex. We discuss a wide range of
implications and possible tests for this new reionization picture. In
particular, Thomson scattering optical depth is increased to 0.10 +- 0.03,
compared to 0.027 for the case of only one rapid reionization at z=6. Upcoming
Microwave Anisotropy Probe observation of the polarization of the cosmic
microwave background should be able to distinguish between these two scenarios.Comment: submitted to ApJ, 69 pages, substantial revision made and conclusions
strengthene
- …