Chronology and Demography: How Many People Lived in a Mega-Site?

Since the discovery of the huge dimensions of Trypillia BIVCI mega-sites, estimations about their population size have mainly resulted magnitudes which are as extraordinary for European prehistory as the dimensions of the sites themselves. A variety of population calculations is known, usually (e.g. for Taljanky and Maidanetske) focusing on around 7500-25,000 inhabitants per site (Shmaglij, 1982; Shmaglij & Videiko, 1987; Kruts, 1989; Ohlrau, 2015). A basic assumption for these population estimations is the contemporaneity of the majority of houses in each megasite, which might be problematic. Also, for the reconstruction of the overall population density in the Southern Buh and Dnipro Interfluve, the question of the contemporaneity, or alternatively a sequential appearance, of mega-sites is very important. In many views, the mega-sites Nebelivka-Dobrovody-Taljanky-Maidanetske are described as a chronological sequence of about 15,000 people, moving after about fifty years from one site to the next, at a distance of about 20 km (Kruts, 1989). In other views, a contemporary existence of some of the mega-sites is supposed (MUller et al, in print). In such an argumentation, no less than about 30,000 people were projected as living contemporarily in mega-sites of the Volodymyrivsko-Tomashivska group

Scientific Highlights from Observations of Active Galactic Nuclei with the MAGIC Telescope

Since 2004, the MAGIC gamma-ray telescope has newly discovered 6 TeV blazars. The total set of 13 MAGIC-detected active galactic nuclei includes well-studied objects at other wavelengths like Markarian 501 and the giant radio galaxy M87, but also the distant the flat-spectrum radio quasar 3C 279, and the newly discovered TeV gamma-ray emitter S5 0716+71. In addition, also long-term and multi-wavelength studies on well-known TeV blazars and systematic searches for new TeV blazars have been carried out. Here we report selected highlights from recent MAGIC observations of extragalactic TeV gamma-ray sources, emphasizing the new physics insights MAGIC was able to contribute.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, submitted to proceedings of "4th Heidelberg International Symposium on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy 2008

Variational regularization with oversmoothing penalty term in Banach spaces

In the present work, we discuss variational regularization for ill-posed nonlinear problems with focus on an oversmoothing penalty term. This means in our model that the searched-for solution of the considered nonlinear operator equation does not belong to the domain of definition of the penalty functional. In the past years, such variational regularization has been investigated comprehensively in Hilbert scales. Our present study tries to continue and to extend those investigations to Banach scales. This new study includes convergence rates results for a priori choices of the regularization parameter, both for H\"older-type smoothness and low order-type smoothness. The necessary tools for low order smoothness in the Banach space setting are provided