Small poly-L-lysines improve cationic lipid-mediated gene transfer in vascular cells in vitro and in vivo

The potential of two small poly-L-lysines ( sPLLs), low molecular weight sPLL ( LMW-L) containing 7 - 30 lysine residues and L18 with 18 lysine repeats, to enhance the efficiency of liposome-mediated gene transfer ( GT) with cationic lipid DOCSPER {[}1,3- dioleoyloxy- 2-( N-5-carbamoyl-spermine)-propane] in vascular smooth muscle cells ( SMCs) was investigated. Dynamic light scattering was used for determination of particle size. Confocal microscopy was applied for colocalization studies of sPLLs and plasmid DNA inside cells. GT was performed in proliferating and quiescent primary porcine SMCs in vitro and in vivo in porcine femoral arteries. At low ionic strength, sPLLs formed small complexes with DNA ( 50 100 nm). At high ionic strength, large complexes ( 11 mu m) were observed without any significant differences in particle size between lipoplexes ( DOCSPER/ DNA) and lipopolyplexes ( DOCSPER/ sPLL/ DNA). Both sPLLs were colocalized with DNA inside cells 24 h after transfection, protecting DNA against degradation. DOCSPER/ sPLL/ DNA formulations enhanced GT in vitro up to 5- fold, in a porcine model using local periadventitial application up to 1.5- fold. Both sPLLs significantly increased liposome- mediated GT. Poly-L-lysine L18 was superior to LMW-L since it enabled maximal GT at a 10-fold lower concentration. Thus, sPLLs may serve as enhancers for GT applications in SMCs in vitro and in vivo using local delivery. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel

Towards an Asymptotic-Safety Scenario for Chiral Yukawa Systems

We search for asymptotic safety in a Yukawa system with a chiral $U(N_L)_L\otimes U(1)_R$ symmetry, serving as a toy model for the standard-model Higgs sector. Using the functional RG as a nonperturbative tool, the leading-order derivative expansion exhibits admissible non-Ga\ssian fixed-points for $1 \leq N_L \leq 57$ which arise from a conformal threshold behavior induced by self-balanced boson-fermion fluctuations. If present in the full theory, the fixed-point would solve the triviality problem. Moreover, as one fixed point has only one relevant direction even with a reduced hierarchy problem, the Higgs mass as well as the top mass are a prediction of the theory in terms of the Higgs vacuum expectation value. In our toy model, the fixed point is destabilized at higher order due to massless Goldstone and fermion fluctuations, which are particular to our model and have no analogue in the standard model.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figure

Carvedilol for prevention of restenosis after directional coronary atherectomy : final results of the European carvedilol atherectomy restenosis (EUROCARE) trial

BACKGROUND: In addition to its known properties as a competitive, nonselective beta and alpha-1 receptor blocker, carvedilol directly inhibits vascular myocyte migration and proliferation and exerts antioxidant effects that are considerably greater than those of vitamin E or probucol. This provides the basis for an evaluation of carvedilol for the prevention of coronary restenosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: In a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 25 mg of carvedilol was given twice daily, starting 24 h

Asymptotic safety of simple Yukawa systems

We study the triviality and hierarchy problem of a Z_2-invariant Yukawa system with massless fermions and a real scalar field, serving as a toy model for the standard-model Higgs sector. Using the functional RG, we look for UV stable fixed points which could render the system asymptotically safe. Whether a balancing of fermionic and bosonic contributions in the RG flow induces such a fixed point depends on the algebraic structure and the degrees of freedom of the system. Within the region of parameter space which can be controlled by a nonperturbative next-to-leading order derivative expansion of the effective action, we find no non-Gaussian fixed point in the case of one or more fermion flavors. The fermion-boson balancing can still be demonstrated within a model system with a small fractional flavor number in the symmetry-broken regime. The UV behavior of this small-N_f system is controlled by a conformal Higgs expectation value. The system has only two physical parameters, implying that the Higgs mass can be predicted. It also naturally explains the heavy mass of the top quark, since there are no RG trajectories connecting the UV fixed point with light top masses.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, v2: references added, typos corrected, minor numerical correction

Androgens and the breast

Androgens have important physiological effects in women while at the same time they may be implicated in breast cancer pathologies. However, data on the effects of androgens on mammary epithelial proliferation and/or breast cancer incidence are not in full agreement. We performed a literature review evaluating current clinical, genetic and epidemiological data regarding the role of androgens in mammary growth and neoplasia. Epidemiological studies appear to have significant methodological limitations and thus provide inconclusive results. The study of molecular defects involving androgenic pathways in breast cancer is still in its infancy. Clinical and nonhuman primate studies suggest that androgens inhibit mammary epithelial proliferation and breast growth while conventional estrogen treatment suppresses endogenous androgens. Abundant clinical evidence suggests that androgens normally inhibit mammary epithelial proliferation and breast growth. Suppression of androgens using conventional estrogen treatment may thus enhance estrogenic breast stimulation and possibly breast cancer risk. Addition of testosterone to the usual hormone therapy regimen may diminish the estrogen/progestin increase in breast cancer risk but the impact of this combined use on mammary gland homeostasis still needs evaluation

Purified bioactive compounds from Mentha spp. oils as a source of Candidosis treatment. A brief review.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-26T17:16:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) giovana_claudia.pdf: 372121 bytes, checksum: 1d3741220401508d18c41ec917721d64 (MD5) Previous issue date: 25Universidade de Campinas. Piracicaba, SP, Brasil.Universidade de Campinas. Piracicaba, SP, Brasil.Universidade de Campinas. Piracicaba, SP, Brasil.Plantas medicinais têm sido objeto de muitos estudos na tentativa de descobrir drogas alternativas, uma vez que são fontes de compostos potencialmente bioativos que podem atuar na manutenção da saúde humana. A descoberta de novas substâncias antimicrobianas ou biocomponentes derivados de produtos naturais tem sido importante no controle de microrganismos, especialmente devido ao aumento de casos de resistência a antimicrobianos convencionais. Em paralelo, leveduras do gênero Candida vem se tornando um problema de saúde pública nas últimas décadas devido ao aumento de infecções denominadas candidoses. Candida spp. possuem mecanismos de virulência, como polimorfismo e formação de biofilme, que facilitam o desenvolvimento da infecção e dificultam o tratamento. Nesse sentido, estudos na literatura com compostos bioativos do óleo essencial de Mentha spp. descrevem sua ação antifúngica, especialmente dos compostos isolados como carvona, mentona, mentofurano e pulegona. Sendo assim, esta revisão teve como objetivo abordar estudos sobre a atividade antimicrobiana destes compostos especialmente contra leveduras do gênero Candida e algumas particularidades desse gênero tais como mecanismos de virulência uma vez que esses temas tornam-se cruciais para o desenvolvimento de novas drogas alternativas e/ou agentes antifúngicos que possam atuar como adjuvantes aos tratamentos convencionais contra esses microrganismos.Plantas medicinais têm sido objeto de muitos estudos na tentativa de descobrir drogas alternativas, uma vez que são fontes de compostos potencialmente bioativos que podem atuar na manutenção da saúde humana. A descoberta de novas substâncias antimicrobianas ou biocomponentes derivadas de produtos naturais tem sido importante no controle de microrganismos, especialmente devido ao aumento de casos de resistência a antimicrobianos convencionais. Em paralelo, leveduras do gênero Candida vem se tornando um problema de saúde pública nas últimas décadas, devido ao aumento de infecções denominadas candidoses. Candida spp. possuem mecanismos de virulência, como polimorfismo e formação de biofilme, que facilitam o desenvolvimento da infecção e dificultam o tratamento. Nesse sentido, estudos na literatura com compostos bioativos do óleo essencial de Mentha spp. descrevem sua ação antifúngica, especialmente dos compostos isolados como carvona, mentona, mentofurano e pulegona. Sendo assim, esta revisão teve como objetivo abordar estudos sobre a atividade antimicrobiana destes compostos especialmente contra leveduras do gênero Candida e algumas particularidades desse gênero, tais como mecanismos de virulência, uma vez que esses temas se tornam cruciais para o desenvolvimento de novas drogas alternativas e/ou agentes antifúngicos que possam atuar como adjuvantes aos tratamentos convencionais contra esses microrganismos