14,523 research outputs found
Atmospheric NLTE-Models for the Spectroscopic Analysis of Blue Stars with Winds. III. X-ray emission from wind-embedded shocks
X-rays/EUV radiation emitted from wind-embedded shocks in hot, massive stars
can affect the ionization balance in their outer atmospheres, and can be the
mechanism responsible for the production of highly ionized species. To allow
for these processes in the context of spectral analysis, we have implemented
such emission into our unified, NLTE model atmosphere/spectrum synthesis code
FASTWIND.
The shock structure and corresponding emission is calculated as a function of
user-supplied parameters. We account for a temperature and density
stratification inside the post-shock cooling zones, calculated for radiative
and adiabatic cooling in the inner and outer wind, respectively. The
high-energy absorption of the cool wind is considered by adding important
K-shell opacities, and corresponding Auger ionization rates have been included
into the NLTE network.
We tested and verified our implementation carefully against corresponding
results from various alternative model atmosphere codes, and studied the
effects from shock emission for important ions from He, C, N, O, Si, and P.
Surprisingly, dielectronic recombination turned out to play an essential role
for the ionization balance of OIV/OV around Teff = 45,000 K. Finally, we
investigated the behavior of the mass absorption coefficient, kappa_nu(r),
important in the context of X-ray line formation in massive star winds.
In almost all considered cases, direct ionization is of major influence, and
Auger ionization significantly affects only NVI and OVI. The approximation of a
radially constant kappa_nu is justified for r > 1.2 Rstar and lambda < 18 A,
and also for many models at longer wavelengths. To estimate the actual value of
this quantity, however, the HeII opacities need to be calculated from detailed
NLTE modeling, at least for wavelengths longer than 18 to 20 A, and information
on the individual CNO abundances has to be present.Comment: accepted by A&
Crystal water induced switching of magnetically active orbitals in CuCl2
The dehydration of CuCl2*2(H2O) to CuCl2 leads to a dramatic change in
magnetic behavior and ground state. Combining density functional electronic
structure and model calculations with thermodynamical measurements we reveal
the microscopic origin of this unexpected incident -- a crystal water driven
switching of the magnetically active orbitals. This switching results in a
fundamental change of the coupling regime from a three-dimensional
antiferromagnet to a quasi one-dimensional behavior. CuCl2 can be well
described as a frustrated J1-J2 Heisenberg chain with ferromagnetic exchange J1
and J2/J1 ~ -1.5 for which a helical ground state is predicted.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, 1 table (PRB, accepted
UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES OF MARRIAGE PENALTY RELIEF: THE EFFECT ON THE MARRIED COUPLE\u27S CHOICE OF FILING STATUS
PANEL II: ASSESSING PROPOSED SOLUTIONS
FORUM ON MARRIED WOMEN AND THE INCOME TAX: MARRIAGE PENALTIES AND MARRIAGE BONUSES OF THE 105 H CONGRES
Resultados de pesquisa da Embrapa Soja - 2000: melhoramento.
Desenvolvimento de germoplasma e cultivares de soja adaptados às várias regiões ecológicas e aos vários sistemas de produção (04.2000.321-01); Desenvolvimento de cultivares e linhagens de soja para a região Centro-sul do Brasil (04.2000.321-02); Producão de semente genética de cultivares e linhagens de soja para região Centro-sul do Brasil (04.2000.321-03); Desenvolvimento de genótipo tolerantes à acidez do solo e com alta eficiência na utilização de nutrientes (04.2000.321-04); Desenvolvimento de germoplasma de soja com alta qualidade de semente e de grão (04.2000.321-05); Desenvolvimento de germoplasma de soja com resistência a insetos e adaptado às diversas regiões agroecológicas (04.2000.321-06); Desenvolvimento de germoplasma de soja com características adequadas para o consumo humano in natura e para a indústria de alimentos (04.2000.321-07); Desenvolvimento de cultivares de soja para o Estado do Mato Grosso (04.2000.321-14); Desenvolvimento de cultivares de soja para o Estado de Minas Gerais (04.2000.321-16); Desenvolvimento de cultivar de soja para o estado de Goiás (04.2000.321-17); Desenvolvimento de cultivares de soja para o norte do cerrado brasileiro (04.2000.321-20); Difusão de cultivares de soja para os Estados do Paraná, São Paulo e Santa Catarina (04.2000.321-23); Caracterização de cultivares e linhagens de soja quanto a época de semeadura; Genética quantitativa das características de interesse do melhoramento - previsão e exploração do potencial genético da soja (04.2000.321-37); Difusão de tecnologia visando a utilização da soja e seus derivados na alimentação huma (04.2000.321-04); Transferência de tecnologia para o sistema de produção de soja; Vitrine de tecnologias da Embrapa no Estado do Paraná (18.2000.701-03); Transferência de tecnologias recomendadas para a cultura da soja no Paraná e no Norte de Santa Catarina, através do sistema treino e visita (18.0.99.322-04).bitstream/CNPSO/18446/1/doc156.pd
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