Property, possession and natural resource management: towards a conceptual clarification

There are few concepts that are more central to natural resource management than those of property and property rights. Given their importance, it might be expected that there would be some consensus in the economic literature about what property and property rights are. However, no such consensus seems to exist. In fact, different authors use the same terms to denote quite disparate concepts and ideas, impeding rather than advancing progress in understanding natural resource management. As but one example, there is hardly a concept that has been as fundamentally misunderstood as that of the commons. That misunderstanding notwithstanding, there is another, less familiar, more common and even more fundamental one: the persistent confusion of possession with property. This article argues that the distinction between possession and property is of particular importance for comprehending the meaning of institutional shifts from one resource management regime to another. It therefore reviews concepts central to natural resource management, by distinguishing between state, private, common property and possession on the one hand and open access on the othe

Internet... the final frontier: an ethnographic account: exploring the cultural space of the Net from the inside

The research project The Internet as a space for interaction, which completed its mission in Autumn 1998, studied the constitutive features of network culture and network organisation. Special emphasis was given to the dynamic interplay of technical and social conventions regarding both the Net’s organisation as well as its change. The ethnographic perspective chosen studied the Internet from the inside. Research concentrated upon three fields of study: the hegemonial operating technology of net nodes (UNIX) the network’s basic transmission technology (the Internet Protocol IP) and a popular communication service (Usenet). The project’s final report includes the results of the three branches explored. Drawing upon the development in the three fields it is shown that changes that come about on the Net are neither anarchic nor arbitrary. Instead, the decentrally organised Internet is based upon technically and organisationally distributed forms of coordination within which individual preferences collectively attain the power of developing into definitive standards. --

THE POTENTIALS OF A TRANSIENT TRANSNATIONAL COMMUNITY FOR TEACHER EDUCATORS’ PROFESSIONAL LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT

Although there has been a rising interest in the profession of teacher educators, there is still a lack of research looking at the professional learning and development of teacher educators. Taking a European perspective, we intend to contribute to the field of teacher education. At the outset we outline current literature and research findings, indicating various challenges that teacher education professionals face in today’s society, which are prominent in many contexts of language teacher education. Choosing to study a transient transnational community of 11 teacher educators as an autoethnographic case, we draw on qualitative data collected in the context of the ERASMUS+ project proPIC and use Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to approach our data. In this article, we provide an overview of factors that teacher educators describe as beneficial and restraining when engaging in a transnational transient community. Based on our findings, we argue that through a systematically planned implementation and critical evaluation of transient transnational communities in language teacher education, professional learning can be fostered

Metrological Prerequisites for Determination of Silage Density Compacted in a Bunker silo using Gamma Rays

In order to produce high quality silage feed it is particularly important to appropriately compact the chopped material upon storage. It was the objective of the research to understand the metrological prerequisites for online density measuring, using a radiometric probe. Caesium 137 with an activity of 37 MBq was used as radiation source in the tests. Source and detector were hovered over the goods to be measured. The number of gamma photons reflected from the goods occurs to be proportional to the density of the silaged goods. The probe was tested in a compaction test arrangement on chopped grass and maize, as well as on different bulk goods. It could be shown that radiometric measuring devices are suitable to measure the density of agricultural goods, particularly ensiled goods, using back-scattering. The measuring built the basis for the development of a probe which shall be deployed on horizontal silos in the future

A formal framework for generalized reporting methods in parametric settings

Effect size measures and visualization techniques aimed at maximizing the interpretability and comparability of results from statistical models have long been of great importance and are recently again receiving increased attention in the literature. However, since the methods proposed in this context originate from a wide variety of disciplines and are more often than not practically motivated, they lack a common theoretical framework and many quantities are narrowly or heuristically defined. In this work, we put forward a common mathematical setting for effect size measures and visualization techniques aimed at the results of parametric regression and define a formal framework for the consistent derivation of both existing and new variants of such quantities. Throughout the presented theory, we utilize probability measures to derive weighted means over areas of interest. While we take a Bayesian approach to quantifying uncertainty in order to derive consistent results for every defined quantity, all proposed methods apply to the results of both frequentist and Bayesian inference. We apply selected specifications derived from the proposed framework to data from a clinical trial and a multi-analyst study to illustrate its versatility and relevance.Comment: Typos and some notation in the appendix were correcte

Internet... the final frontier: an ethnographic account ; exploring the cultural space of the net from the inside

"The research project 'The Internet as a space for interaction', which completed its mission in Autumn 1998, studied the constitutive features of network culture and network organisation. Special emphasis was given to the dynamic interplay of technical and social conventions regarding both the net's organisation as well as its change. The ethnographic perspective chosen studied the Internet from the inside. Research concentrated upon three fields of study: the hegemonial operating technology of net nodes (UNIX) the network’s basic transmission technology (the Internet Protocol IP) and a popular communication service (Usenet). The project's final report includes the results of the three branches explored. Drawing upon the development in the three fields it is shown that changes that come about on the Net are neither anarchic nor arbitrary. Instead, the decentrally organised Internet is based upon technically and organisationally distributed forms of coordination within which individual preferences collectively attain the power of developing into definitive standards." (author's abstract)"Das im Herbst 1998 abgeschlossene Forschungsprojekt 'Interaktionsraum Internet' hat sich mit den konstitutiven Merkmalen der Netzkultur und Netzwerkorganisation beschäftigt. Im Vordergrund des Interesses stand das dynamische Zusammenspiel technischer und gesellschaftlicher Konventionen in der Organisation wie auch im Wandel des Netzes. Die ethnographisch angeleitete Binnenperspektive auf das Internet konzentrierte sich auf drei ausgewählte Bereiche, um Prozesse der Institutionenbildung und die Formen ihrer Transformation zu studieren: die hegemoniale Betriebstechnik der Netzknoten (UNIX), die grundlegende Übertragungstechnik im Netz (das Internet Protokoll IP) und einen populären Kommunikationsdienst (Usenet). Der Schlußbericht des Projekts enthält die Ergebnisse der drei Untersuchungsstränge. Gezeigt wird anhand der Entwicklung in den drei Feldern, daß sich der Wandel des Netzes weder beliebig noch anarchisch vollzieht. Das dezentral organisierte Internet beruht vielmehr auf technisch wie organisatorisch verteilten Formen der Koordination, in denen individuelle Handlungspräferenzen kollektiv definitionsmächtig werden." (Autorenreferat

La cogestion étatique-communautaire de l’eau à Cochabamba (Bolivie)

Comme bien d’autres notions couramment utilisées dans le domaine du développement, la notion de « partenariat public-privé (PPP) » recouvre de multiples significations. Afin de tenir compte de l’éventail de significations (générales et particulières), il apparaît indispensable d’éclaircir les différents éléments constitutifs de cette notion, tout en précisant que ceux-ci s’inscrivent dans le temps et l’espace, et donc dans un contexte écologique et social déterminé. Dans ce sens, étant donné ..

Mündliche Kompetenz und Bewusstsein beim unterrichtlichen Fremdsprachenlernen

Das Buch befasst sich mit dem Zusammenspiel von kognitiven, emotionalen und motivationalen Faktoren beim Aufbau von mündlicher Kompetenz in Deutsch als Tertiärsprache bei erwachsenen Italienern. Es stützt sich dabei auf ein interdisziplinäres Vorgehen, das theoretisch erörtert und in seiner Methodenwahl ausführlich dargelegt wird, insbesondere die Videografie sowie intro-/retrospektive Verfahren. Die Ergebnisse der Studie veranschaulichen die Lernprozesse einmal klassenübergreifend, zum anderen erfolgt eine detaillierte Analyse der einzelnen Lernenden. Das Literaturverzeichnis liefert Lehrenden, Studierenden und Forschern eine erschöpfende bibliographische Quelle zu den behandelten Themen

Integration von Beratungselementen in den Fremdsprachenunterricht am Beispiel von Projektarbeit

Beratungselemente im Fremdsprachenunterricht stellen einen wichtigen Schritt bei der Etablierung von Lernberatung dar und sollen gleichzeitig Lernenden dabei helfen, mehr Verantwortung für ihren eigenen Lernprozess zu übernehmen. Nachdem im ersten Teil Überlegungen zur Lehrer- und Beraterrolle angestellt werden, gehe ich im zweiten Abschnitt auf die Integration von Beratungselementen in den Unterricht ein, um diese schließlich anhand von Beispielen aus der Projektarbeit zu untersuchen