6,291 research outputs found
New obstructions to symplectic embeddings
In this paper we establish new restrictions on symplectic embeddings of
certain convex domains into symplectic vector spaces. These restrictions are
stronger than those implied by the Ekeland-Hofer capacities. By refining an
embedding technique due to Guth, we also show that they are sharp.Comment: 80 pages, 3 figures, v2: improved exposition and minor corrections,
v3: Final version, expanded and improved exposition and minor corrections.
The final publication is available at link.springer.co
Compactness results in Symplectic Field Theory
This is one in a series of papers devoted to the foundations of
Symplectic Field Theory sketched in [Y Eliashberg, A Givental and H
Hofer, Introduction to Symplectic Field Theory,
Geom. Funct. Anal. Special Volume, Part II (2000) 560--673]. We prove
compactness results for moduli spaces of holomorphic curves arising in
Symplectic Field Theory. The theorems generalize Gromov's compactness theorem
in [M Gromov, Pseudo-holomorphic curves in symplectic manifolds, Invent. Math.
82 (1985) 307--347] as well as compactness theorems in Floer homology theory,
[A Floer, The unregularized gradient flow of the symplectic action, Comm. Pure
Appl. Math. 41 (1988) 775--813 and Morse theory for Lagrangian intersections,
J. Diff. Geom. 28 (1988) 513--547], and in contact geometry, [H Hofer,
Pseudo-holomorphic curves and Weinstein conjecture in dimension three, Invent.
Math. 114 (1993) 307--347 and
H Hofer, K Wysocki and E Zehnder, Foliations of the Tight Three
Sphere, Annals of Mathematics, 157 (2003) 125--255].Comment: Published by Geometry and Topology at
http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/gt/GTVol7/paper25.abs.htm
Electron transport in Coulomb- and tunnel-coupled one-dimensional systems
We develop a linear theory of electron transport for a system of two
identical quantum wires in a wide range of the wire length L, unifying both the
ballistic and diffusive transport regimes. The microscopic model, involving the
interaction of electrons with each other and with bulk acoustical phonons
allows a reduction of the quantum kinetic equation to a set of coupled
equations for the local chemical potentials for forward- and backward-moving
electrons in the wires. As an application of the general solution of these
equations, we consider different kinds of electrical contacts to the
double-wire system and calculate the direct resistance, the transresistance, in
the presence of tunneling and Coulomb drag, and the tunneling resistance. If L
is smaller than the backscattering length l_P, both the tunneling and the drag
lead to a negative transresistance, while in the diffusive regime (L >>l_P) the
tunneling opposes the drag and leads to a positive transresistance. If L is
smaller than the phase-breaking length, the tunneling leads to interference
oscillations of the resistances that are damped exponentially with L.Comment: Text 14 pages in Latex/Revtex format, 4 Postscript figure
Fetal and early neonatal interleukin-6 response
In 1998, a systemic fetal cytokine response, defined as a plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) value above 11 pg/mL, was reported to be a major independent risk factor for the subsequent development of neonatal morbid events even after adjustments for gestational age and other confounders. Since then, the body of literature investigating the use of blood concentrations of IL-6 as a hallmark of the fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS), a diagnostic marker of early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) and a risk predictor of white matter injury (WMI), has grown rapidly. In this article, we critically review: IL-6 biological functions; current evidence on the association between IL-6, preterm birth, FIRS and EONS; IL-6 reference intervals and dynamics in the early neonatal period; IL-6 response during the immediate postnatal period and perinatal confounders; accuracy and completeness of IL-6 diagnostic studies for EONS (according to the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy statement); and recent breakthroughs in the association between fetal blood IL-6, EONS, and WMI
Algebraic Torsion in Contact Manifolds
We extract a nonnegative integer-valued invariant, which we call the "order
of algebraic torsion", from the Symplectic Field Theory of a closed contact
manifold, and show that its finiteness gives obstructions to the existence of
symplectic fillings and exact symplectic cobordisms. A contact manifold has
algebraic torsion of order zero if and only if it is algebraically overtwisted
(i.e. has trivial contact homology), and any contact 3-manifold with positive
Giroux torsion has algebraic torsion of order one (though the converse is not
true). We also construct examples for each nonnegative k of contact 3-manifolds
that have algebraic torsion of order k but not k - 1, and derive consequences
for contact surgeries on such manifolds. The appendix by Michael Hutchings
gives an alternative proof of our cobordism obstructions in dimension three
using a refinement of the contact invariant in Embedded Contact Homology.Comment: 53 pages, 4 figures, with an appendix by Michael Hutchings; v.3 is a
final update to agree with the published paper, and also corrects a minor
error that appeared in the published version of the appendi
Calcium and Rhizodermal Differentiation in Primary Maize Roots
Rhizodermal differentiation of maize (Zea mays L. cv. LG 11) roots cultured in humid air was influenced by a pretreatment for 2 h in CaCl2 or CaSO4 solutions. This increased the number of hair-producing roots and the density of hairs. Ethylene glycol-bis-(β-aminoethyl ether)N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) was inhibitory. Root hairs emerged in the part of the cell nearer to the tip. Trichoblasts were shorter and elongated more slowly than atrichoblasts. The elongation of the lower part of the trichoblast was less than that of the upper par
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