Robust Chemical Sensors for Environmental Analysis and Process Control

Conventional analytical instruments are generally neither sufficiently robust nor adequately portable for field measurements in environmental applications or process analysis in industry. The requirements for these applications are ideally fulfilled by selective chemical sensors for the species of interest. New approaches in the design of these devices are often needed in order to realize their potential benefits. In this article, examples of electrochemical and optical sensors for the determination of gases and ions for a range of environmental and industrial applications are presented