3,796 research outputs found
NAND gate response in a mesoscopic ring: An exact study
NAND gate response in a mesoscopic ring threaded with a magnetic flux
is investigated by using Green's function formalism. The ring is attached
symmetrically to two semi-infinite one-dimensional metallic electrodes and two
gate voltages, namely, and , are applied in one arm of the ring
those are treated as the two inputs of the NAND gate. We use a simple
tight-binding model to describe the system and numerically compute the
conductance-energy and current-voltage characteristics as functions of the gate
voltages, ring-to-electrode coupling strength and magnetic flux. Our
theoretical study shows that, for (, the
elementary flux-quantum) a high output current (1) (in the logical sense)
appears if one or both the inputs to the gate are low (0), while if both the
inputs to the gate are high (1), a low output current (0) appears. It clearly
exhibits the NAND gate behavior and this feature may be utilized in designing
an electronic logic gate.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
Electron transport in a double quantum ring: Evidence of an AND gate
We explore AND gate response in a double quantum ring where each ring is
threaded by a magnetic flux . The double quantum ring is attached
symmetrically to two semi-infinite one-dimensional metallic electrodes and two
gate voltages, namely, and , are applied, respectively, in the lower
arms of the two rings which are treated as two inputs of the AND gate. The
system is described in the tight-binding framework and the calculations are
done using the Green's function formalism. Here we numerically compute the
conductance-energy and current-voltage characteristics as functions of the
ring-to-electrode coupling strengths, magnetic flux and gate voltages. Our
study suggests that, for a typical value of the magnetic flux
(, the elementary flux-quantum) a high output current (1) (in the
logical sense) appears only if both the two inputs to the gate are high (1),
while if neither or only one input to the gate is high (1), a low output
current (0) results. It clearly demonstrates the AND gate behavior and this
aspect may be utilized in designing an electronic logic gate.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
Late-Time Evolution of Charged Gravitational Collapse and Decay of Charged Scalar Hair - II
We study analytically the initial value problem for a charged massless
scalar-field on a Reissner-Nordstr\"om spacetime. Using the technique of
spectral decomposition we extend recent results on this problem. Following the
no-hair theorem we reveal the dynamical physical mechanism by which the charged
hair is radiated away. We show that the charged perturbations decay according
to an inverse power-law behaviour at future timelike infinity and along future
null infinity. Along the future outer horizon we find an oscillatory inverse
power-law relaxation of the charged fields. We find that a charged black hole
becomes ``bald'' slower than a neutral one, due to the existence of charged
perturbations. Our results are also important to the study of mass-inflation
and the stability of Cauchy horizons during a dynamical gravitational collapse
of charged matter in which a charged black-hole is formed.Comment: Latex 15 pages, Revtex.st
Late-time evolution of a self-interacting scalar field in the spacetime of dilaton black hole
We investigate the late-time tails of self-interacting (massive) scalar
fields in the spacetime of dilaton black hole. Following the no hair theorem we
examine the mechanism by which self-interacting scalar hair decay. We revealed
that the intermediate asymptotic behavior of the considered field perturbations
is dominated by an oscillatory inverse power-law decaying tail. The numerical
simulations showed that at the very late-time massive self-interacting scalar
hair decayed slower than any power law.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
On Quasinormal Modes, Black Hole Entropy, and Quantum Geometry
Loop quantum gravity can account for the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of a
black hole provided a free parameter is chosen appropriately. Recently, it was
proposed that a new choice of the Immirzi parameter could predict both black
hole entropy and the frequencies of quasinormal modes in the large limit,
but at the price of changing the gauge group of the theory. In this note we use
a simple physical argument within loop quantum gravity to arrive at the same
value of the parameter. The argument uses strongly the necessity of having
fermions satisfying basic symmetry and conservation principles, and therefore
supports SU(2) as the relevant gauge group of the theory.Comment: 3 pages, revtex4, no figures, discussion expanded and references
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Radiative falloff of a scalar field in a weakly curved spacetime without symmetries
We consider a massless scalar field propagating in a weakly curved spacetime
whose metric is a solution to the linearized Einstein field equations. The
spacetime is assumed to be stationary and asymptotically flat, but no other
symmetries are imposed -- the spacetime can rotate and deviate strongly from
spherical symmetry. We prove that the late-time behavior of the scalar field is
identical to what it would be in a spherically-symmetric spacetime: it decays
in time according to an inverse power-law, with a power determined by the
angular profile of the initial wave packet (Price falloff theorem). The field's
late-time dynamics is insensitive to the nonspherical aspects of the metric,
and it is governed entirely by the spacetime's total gravitational mass; other
multipole moments, and in particular the spacetime's total angular momentum, do
not enter in the description of the field's late-time behavior. This extended
formulation of Price's falloff theorem appears to be at odds with previous
studies of radiative decay in the spacetime of a Kerr black hole. We show,
however, that the contradiction is only apparent, and that it is largely an
artifact of the Boyer-Lindquist coordinates adopted in these studies.Comment: 17 pages, RevTeX
Quantum Transport in an Array of Mesoscopic Rings: Effect of Interface Geometry
Electron transport properties are investigated in an array of mesoscopic
rings, where each ring is threaded by a magnetic flux . The array is
attached to two semi-infinite one-dimensional metallic electrodes, namely,
source and drain, where the rings are considered either in series or in
parallel configuration. A simple tight-binding model is used to describe the
system and all the calculations are done based on the Green's function
formalism. Here, we present conductance-energy and current-voltage
characteristics in terms of ring-to-electrode coupling strength, ring-electrode
interface geometry and magnetic flux. Most interestingly it is observed that,
typical current amplitude in an array of mesoscopic rings in the series
configuration is much larger compared to that in parallel configuration of
those rings. This feature is completely different from the classical analogy
which may provide an important signature in designing nano-scale electronic
devices.Comment: 13 pages, 12 figure
High-Order Contamination in the Tail of Gravitational Collapse
It is well known that the late-time behaviour of gravitational collapse is
{\it dominated} by an inverse power-law decaying tail. We calculate {\it
higher-order corrections} to this power-law behaviour in a spherically
symmetric gravitational collapse. The dominant ``contamination'' is shown to
die off at late times as . This decay rate is much {\it
slower} than has been considered so far. It implies, for instance, that an
`exact' (numerical) determination of the power index to within
requires extremely long integration times of order . We show that the
leading order fingerprint of the black-hole electric {\it charge} is of order
.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figure
Evidence for a null entropy of extremal black holes
We present some arguments in support of a {\it zero} entropy for {\it
extremal} black holes. These rely on a combination of both quantum,
thermodynamic, and statistical physics arguments. This result may shed some
light on the nature of these extreme objects. In addition, we show that within
a {\it quantum} framework the capture of a particle by an initially extremal
black hole always results with a final nonextremal black hole.Comment: 11 page
Radiative falloff in Einstein-Straus spacetime
The Einstein-Straus spacetime describes a nonrotating black hole immersed in
a matter-dominated cosmology. It is constructed by scooping out a spherical
ball of the dust and replacing it with a vacuum region containing a black hole
of the same mass. The metric is smooth at the boundary, which is comoving with
the rest of the universe. We study the evolution of a massless scalar field in
the Einstein-Straus spacetime, with a special emphasis on its late-time
behavior. This is done by numerically integrating the scalar wave equation in a
double-null coordinate system that covers both portions (vacuum and dust) of
the spacetime. We show that the field's evolution is governed mostly by the
strong concentration of curvature near the black hole, and the discontinuity in
the dust's mass density at the boundary; these give rise to a rather complex
behavior at late times. Contrary to what it would do in an asymptotically-flat
spacetime, the field does not decay in time according to an inverse power-law.Comment: ReVTeX, 12 pages, 14 figure
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