Implantoprosthetic Treatment of Complete and Partial Edentulousness - Case Presentation

Oseointegrirani usadci i protetske suprastrukture već su danas oblik standardne skrbi za pacijente u kojih postoji gubitak jednog ili svih zuba u obje čeljusti. Polako, ali sigurno, protetski radovi nošeni oseointegriranim usadcima preuzimaju prednost pred konvencionalnim protetskim tehnikama liječenja potpune ili djelomične bezubosti. Indikacije za protetske radove koje podupiru oseointegrirani usadci jesu: a) bezubi pacijenti; b) pacijenti nositelji proteza koji ne mogu ili odbijaju nositi mobilne proteze; c) pacijenti s jednostranom bezubošću gdje nije moguće izraditi fiksni most dužega raspona; d) pacijenti sa slabom mišićnom koordinacijom i niskom tkivnom tolerancijom (uzak pojam pričvrsne gingive u donjoj čeljusti); e) pacijenti s parafunkcijskim navikama koji destabiliziraju konvencionalne proteze; f) pacijenti s izraženim refleksom na povraćanje; g) nepovoljan broj i smještaj prirodnih zuba kao mogućih nosača, i f) gubitak jednoga zuba s ciljem da se izbjegne brušenje susjednih intaktnih zuba. Apsolutne kontraindikacije za ugradnju usadaka jesu: a) pacijenti koji su zračeni visokim dozama; b) pacijenti s psihijatrijskim problemima; c) hematološki sustavski poremećaji. Relativne kontraindikacije su: a) patologija mekih i tvrdih oralnih tkiva; b) područja svježih ekstrakcijskih rana; c) pacijenti koji uživaju drogu, alkohol ili duhan (pušenje ili žvakanje duhana). Početne informacije dobivene od svakoga pacijenta moraju uključiti medicinsku i stomatološku povijest stanja, radiografsku raščlambu (ortopantomograf ili CT), raščlambu studijskih modela i fotografija, sve sa svrhom da se postigne optimalan plan liječenja. Pacijent mora shvatiti plan liječenja, mora biti motiviran za takav oblik liječenja, a kliničar provedbom dijagnostičkih i terapijskih postupaka upoznaje pacijentovo psihofizičko stanje i stječe njegovo povjerenje. Svrha ove prezentacije bila je prikazati kliničko laboratorijski tijek ugradnje usadaka i izradbe protetskih radova u kliničkim situacijama potpune i djelomične bezubosti. Naglasak je na protetskim sustavima poput kombinacije teleskop krunica i pričvrstaka (tipa CEKA pričvrstka), te individualno frezanih prečaka koji optimiziraju retenciju i stabilizaciju protetskoga rada kako bi se postignula maksimalna funkcija, estetika i zadovoljstvo pacijenta.Today osseointegrated implants and prosthetic superstructures represent a form of standard care for patients in whom there is the loss of one or all teeth in both jaws. Slowly but surely prosthetic devices, supported by osseointegrated implants, have taken prevailed over the advantages of conventional prosthetic techniques of treatment of complete or partial edentulousness. Indications for prosthetic devices supported by osseointegrated implants are: a) edentulous patients, b) patients with prostheses who cannot, or refuse to, wear mobile prosthesis, c) patients with unilateral edentulousness where it is impos-sible to construct fixed bridges of longer span, d) patients with poor muscular coordination and low tissue tolerance (simple term for attachment gingiva in the lower jaw), e) patients with periofunctional habits which destabilise conventional prostheses, f) patients with marked reflex to vomiting, g) unsatisfactory number and position of natural teeth as possible abutments, and f) loss of one tooth in order to avoid grinding of adjacent intact teeth. Absolute contraindications for placement of implants are: a) patients radiated with high doses, b) patients with mental problems, c) haematological system disorders. Relative contraindications are: a) pathology of soft and hard oral tissues, b) the area of fresh extractive wounds, c) patients using drugs, alcohol or tobacco (smoking or chewing of tobacco). Initial information received from each patient must include medical and dental history, radiographic finding (orthopantomograph or CT), analysis of study models and photographs, or with the purpose of achieving optimal treatment plan. The patient must understand the plan of treatment and be motivated for such treatment, while the clinician during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures learns about the mental - physical condition of the patient and acquires his/her confidence. The object of this presentation was to show the clinical laboratory course of the insertion of implants and construction of prosthetic devices in clinical situations of complete and partial edentulousness. Emphasis is placed on prosthetic systems such as a combination of telescope crown and attachment (CEKA type attachment) and individually milled bars, which optimise retention and stabilisation of the prosthetic device with the object of obtaining maximal function, aesthetics and patient satisfaction

An eclipsing substellar binary in a young triple system discovered by SPECULOOS

Mass, radius, and age are three of the most fundamental parameters for celestial objects, enabling studies of the evolution and internal physics of stars, brown dwarfs, and planets. Brown dwarfs are hydrogen-rich objects that are unable to sustain core fusion reactions but are supported from collapse by electron degeneracy pressure. As they age, brown dwarfs cool, reducing their radius and luminosity. Young exoplanets follow a similar behaviour. Brown dwarf evolutionary models are relied upon to infer the masses, radii and ages of these objects. Similar models are used to infer the mass and radius of directly imaged exoplanets. Unfortunately, only sparse empirical mass, radius and age measurements are currently available, and the models remain mostly unvalidated. Double-line eclipsing binaries provide the most direct route for the absolute determination of the masses and radii of stars. Here, we report the SPECULOOS discovery of 2M1510A, a nearby, eclipsing, double-line brown dwarf binary, with a widely-separated tertiary brown dwarf companion. We also find that the system is a member of the $45\pm5$ Myr-old moving group, Argus. The system's age matches those of currently known directly-imaged exoplanets. 2M1510A provides an opportunity to benchmark evolutionary models of brown dwarfs and young planets. We find that widely-used evolutionary models do reproduce the mass, radius and age of the binary components remarkably well, but overestimate the luminosity by up to 0.65 magnitudes, which could result in underestimated photometric masses for directly-imaged exoplanets and young field brown dwarfs by 20 to 35%

Contributions to the phylogeny of Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) canisuga, I. (Ph.) kaiseri, I. (Ph.) hexagonus and a simple pictorial key for the identification of their females

Background: In Europe, hard ticks of the subgenus Pholeoixodes (Ixodidae: Ixodes) are usually associated with burrow-dwelling mammals and terrestrial birds. Reports of Pholeoixodes spp. from carnivores are frequently contradictory, and their identification is not based on key diagnostic characters. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to identify ticks collected from dogs, foxes and badgers in several European countries, and to reassess their systematic status with molecular analyses using two mitochondrial markers. Results: Between 2003 and 2017, 144 Pholeoixodes spp. ticks were collected in nine European countries. From accurate descriptions and comparison with type-materials, a simple illustrated identification key was compiled for adult females, by focusing on the shape of the anterior surface of basis capituli. Based on this key, 71 female ticks were identified as I. canisuga, 21 as I. kaiseri and 21 as I. hexagonus. DNA was extracted from these 113 female ticks, and from further 31 specimens. Fragments of two mitochondrial genes, cox1 (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) and 16S rRNA, were amplified and sequenced. Ixodes kaiseri had nine unique cox1 haplotypes, which showed 99.2-100% sequence identity, whereas I. canisuga and I. hexagonus had eleven and five cox1 haplotypes, respectively, with 99.5-100% sequence identity. The distribution of cox1 haplotypes reflected a geographical pattern. Pholeoixodes spp. ticks had fewer 16S rRNA haplotypes, with a lower degree of intraspecific divergence (99.5-100% sequence identity) and no geographical clustering. Phylogenetic analyses were in agreement with morphology: I. kaiseri and I. hexagonus (with the similar shape of the anterior surface of basis capituli) were genetically more closely related to each other than to I. canisuga. Phylogenetic analyses also showed that the subgenus Eschatocephalus (bat ticks) clustered within the subgenus Pholeoixodes. Conclusions: A simple, illustrated identification key is provided for female Pholeoixodes ticks of carnivores (including I. hexagonus and I. rugicollis) to prevent future misidentification of these species. It is also shown that I. kaiseri is more widespread in Europe than previously thought. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the subgenus Pholeoixodes is not monophyletic: either the subgenus Eschatocephalus should be included in Pholeoixodes, or the latter subgenus should be divided, which is a task for future studies