COULD LITHIUM BE A NEW HOPE IN COVID-19 TREATMENT? A CASE REPORT

The World Health Organization identified a new type of coronavirus (COVID-19) that was not previously detected in humans on January 5, 2020. It has been declared a pandemic by WHO as of March 12, 2020 (Liu et al. 2020). To date, more than 127 million cases of COVID-19 and more than 2.78 million deaths attributable to it have been reported worldwide. COVID-19 infection still continues its effects all over the world and in our country

A rare type of trichotillomania: rhinotillexomania

Trichotillomania (or hair-pulling disorder) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by repetitive chronic hair pulling that can result in serious hair loss. While having been familiar for many years, little is known about its epidemiology, etiology, and subtypes. In the DSM-IV-TR, trichotillomania was classified as an impulse-control disorder (1), whereas in the DSM-5, it falls under the new category of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders (2). Epidemiological studies of trichotillomania are limited, but current prevalence studies suggest that it is a common disorder (3)

The efficacy of risperidone on the treatment of very-early onset skin picking disorder

Skin picking disorder (SPD) has frequently been reported to start before the age of 10; but "very-early onset" type was not defined before in the literature. Also, research on the treatment of SPD in childhood is limited. We presented a "very-early onset" SPD case whose symptoms have started on the age of 4 and escalated with her comorbid oppositional defiant disorder diagnosis. Patient was successfully treated with low dose (0.25 mg/day) risperidone and proper psychoeducational interventions. Identifying SPD in very early childhood is hard cause; criterion of SPD might not capture all the specific features which very young children manifest and clinicians might overlook their complaints. Efficacy of risperidone might reflect a shared psychopathological etiology between impulse control and SPD, and lead future research on treatment of SPD with atypical anti-psychotics

Kayıp ve yas: Bir gözden geçirme

The death of a loved one is considered to be a painful and challenging experience for all bereaved individuals. Concepts such as bereavement, mourning, and grief are used interchangeably, describing social, individual, and situational processes after loss or separation. Each person grieves in different ways. Many theorists who try to shed light on this area to understand the process of bereavement and grief have developed various theories. Due to the interpersonal differences observed in grief reactions and the variety of factors affecting the grief process, grief; It has been defined in three different ways: normal, pathological, and traumatic grief. If individuals are going through the normal grief process, the assistance of an expert is usually not required. If the individual shows signs of pathological grief, they require assistance from an expert to complete the grief process in a healthy way. The aims of this study are to understand the grief process of the bereaved, to explain important concepts, developed theories. For this purpose, electronic research databases (Google Scholar, Electronic Books, Pubmed) have been analysed and searched. The bereavement and grief process were researched in terms of sociodemographic, personality (attachment, neuroticism), social characteristics and risk factors. In addition, it was aimed to comprehensively examine its place in the diagnostic classification, its clinical appearance, grief and treatment approaches

Az bilinen bir konu ‘Ortoreksiya Nervoza’: Bir olgu sunumu

Günümüz yaşam koşulları yeme ve beslenme alışkanlıklarını değiştirmiştir. İnsanlar doğal ortamda yetiştirilen, katkısız, kalıntı içermeyen sağlıklı olduğu kabul edilen besinlere yönelmiştir. Ancak, bu tür yeme, beslenme alışkanlıkları ve ortoreksik eğilimler zamanla sağlıksız bir duruma yol açabilir. Sağlıklı beslenme takıntısı olarak bilinen ortoreksiya nervoza (ON) görülme oranları tüm dünyada artmaktadır. Yaşamı tehdit eden ON ciddi komplikasyonlara neden olabilir. Henüz tanı sınıflandırmalarında yer almayan ON’un etiyolojisi, klinik görünümü ve tedavisi tam olarak bilinmemektedir. ON’nın tanı ölçütleri ile diğer ruhsal bozukluklarla ilişkisinin açıklanmasına gereksinim vardır. Özellikle yüksek risk gruplarının belirlenmesi ve erken dönemde müdahaleler yaşam kurtarıcı olabilir. Bu çalışmada psikiyatri polikliniğimizde major depresif bozukluk (MDB) ve obsesif kompulsif bozukluk (OKB) tanıları ile takip edilen, izlemi sırasında ON belirtileri tespit edilen 56 yaşındaki kadın hasta literatür bulguları ışığında sunulmuştur. Hastanın özellikle son yıllarda sağlıklı beslenme adına değişen yeme ve beslenme alışkanlıkları ile kişilerarası ilişkilerinde bozulma ve belirgin kilo kaybı dikkat çekicidir. Klinisyenlerin ON konusunda duyarlı olmaları önemlidir.Today's living conditions have changed eating and feeding habits. People have directed to foods considered to be healthy that are grown in natural environment, without additives. However, such eating and feeding habits and orthorexia trends can lead to an unhealthy condition over time. The incidence of orthorexia nervosa (ON), known as a healthy eating obsession, is increasing all over the world. Life-threatening ON can cause serious complications. The etiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of ON, which are not yet included in the diagnosis classifications, are not fully known. There is a need to determine the diagnostic criteria of ON and its relationship with other psychiatric disorders. Especially, the identification of high-risk groups and early interventions can be lifesaving. In this study, a 56-year-old female patient who was followed up in our psychiatry outpatient clinic with diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and detected ON symptoms during her follow-up was presented in the light of the literature findings. It is noteworthy that the patient's eating and feeding habits, which have changed in the name of healthy nutrition, have deteriorated interpersonal relationships and significant weight loss, especially in recent years. It is important that clinicians are sensitive to ON

Depresif belirtilerle başvuran manganez intoksikasyonu: Bir olgu sunumu

GİRİŞ VE AMAÇ: Mangan dünyada 4. en yaygın kullanılan metaldir. Süperoksit dismutaz ve glutamin sentetazın kofaktörüdür. Beyin gelişiminde önemli rolü vardır. Mangan zehirlenmesi, literatürde maden işçilerinde, uzun süreli total parenteral nutrisyon alan hastalarda ve kronik karaciğer hastalarında gösterilmiştir.

Global health problem 'obesity': a current review

Obezite günümüzde tüm dünyada en önemli halk sağlığı sorunlarından biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Görülme oranları her geçen gün artan obezite, fiziksel, psikolojik ve sosyal pek çok soruna yol açarak yaşam kalitesini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Dengesiz beslenme ve fiziksel egzersiz eksikliği sonucu diyabet, hipertansiyon ve kardiyovasküler hastalıklara neden olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle obezite ülkelerin sağlık sistemlerine getirdiği yük, sağlık harcamalarında önemli bir yer tutmasının yanı sıra en önemli morbidite ve mortalite nedenlerin başında gelmektedir. Obezitenin gelişiminde genetik yatkınlıklar, çevresel ve psikolojik faktörler arasında karmaşık bir etkileşim söz konusudur. Obezite ile mücadelede yaşamı daha sağlıklı ve kaliteli hale getirmek için yeterli ve dengeli beslenme alışkanlıklarının kazanılması ile fiziksel egzersizin arttırılması gerekmektedir. Obezitenin tedavisinde kişiye özgü tedavi uygulamalarının yanı sıra psikolojik değişkenlerin etkisi dikkate alınmalıdır. Obezitenin tedavisinde kullanılan cerrahi ve cerrahi dışı geleneksel yöntemlerin başarısızlıkları da göz önüne alındığında, psikolojik değişkenlerin anlaşılması ve multidisipliner bir tedavi gerekliliği çok açıktır. Bu derlemede obezitenin etiyolojisi, tanı ve tedavisi güncel literatür bulguları eşliğinde ele alınmıştır

Misophonia: A review

Mizofoni, diğer insanların oluşturduğu günlük seslere ve bazen hayvan seslerine orantısız şekilde duygusal tepki vermek olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Kişilerin mesleki ve sosyal işlevselliklerini bozabilecek kadar şiddetli olabilir. Hastalığın risk faktörleri ve etiyolojisi tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Bazı nörogelişimsel hastalıklar ve psikiyatrik bozukluklarla birlikte görülebilmektedir. Amsterdam Mizofoni Ölçeği ve Mizofoni Ölçeği mizofoniyi değerlendirmek için geliştirilmiş ölçeklerdir. Tanı kriteleri tam olarak belirlenmemiştir ve güncel tanı sınıflamalarında yer almamaktadır. Tedavisinde, bilişsel davranışçı terapi, farkındalık (mindfullnes), diyalektik davranış terapisi ve maruz bırakma gibi yöntemler kullanılmakta olup belirli bir farmakolojik tedavi tanımlanmamıştır.Misophonia is defined as a disproportionate emotional response to everyday sounds created by other people and sometimes to animal sounds. It can be severe enough to disrupt people’s professional and social functionality. The risk factors and etiology of the disease are not fully known. It can be seen together with some neurodevelopmental diseases and psychiatric disorders. Amsterdam Misophonia Scale and Misophonia Scale are scales developed to evaluate misophonia. Diagnostic criteria have not been fully determined and are not included in the current diagnostic classifications. In its treatment, methods such as cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfullnes, dialectical behavioral therapy and exposure are used, and no specific pharmacological treatment has been defined

Relationships between childhood trauma and dissociative, psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia: a case control study

Background Childhood trauma (CT) is an important risk factor in the emergence and clinical course of psychiatric disorders. In the latest literature, an association exists between CT and patients with schizophrenia. There is also a strong relationship between the dissociative symptoms of schizophrenia and the presence of CT. Aims The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between CT and dissociative, positive and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Methods One hundred patients with schizophrenia and 100 healthy volunteers were included in the study. The Sociodemographic Data Form, Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) were administered to all participants. Results The CTQ and DES scores of the schizophrenia group were significantly higher than those of the control group. In patients with schizophrenia, a positive association was found between positive symptoms and DES scores. In terms of negative symptoms, a positive association was found between apathetic social withdrawal and CIO-emotional neglect (EN), CTQ-physical neglect (PN) and CTQ total scores. There was a significant positive correlation between CTQ-EN scores and negative symptoms and PANSS scores. No significant relationship was found between negative symptoms and DES scores. Conclusions High rates of CT and dissociative symptoms are seen in patients with schizophrenia. In addition, the findings of the relationship between CT and dissociative, positive and negative symptoms are also noteworthy. Therefore, it may be important for clinicians to assess trauma history during the psychiatric evaluation of patients with schizophrenia

Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders and Treatment Options in Temporomandibular Disorders and Bruxism

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a clinical condition affecting the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the structures surrounding this joint.Bruxism is a parafunctional habit that occurs as a result of overloading of stomatognathic structures with tooth squeezing and grinding, which is included in the etiology of TMB.TMB is seen in approximately 10% of the population and bruxism is seen in 8-20%. Many factors are effective in the etiology of TMD and bruxism, and there are interactions between these factors. Biomechanical, neuromuscular, biopsychosocial and neurobiological factors contribute to the disease. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders is high in individuals with TMB and bruxism. Many psychiatric disorders, especially depression and anxiety disorders, accompany TMB and Bruxism. The antidepressants used in the treatment of these disorders cause bruxism. This is one of the important challenges in the treatment of TMB and bruxism.The first step in the treatment of TMB and bruxism is to address the basic prevention methods. While amitriptyline use is prominent in TMB pharmacotherapy, in bruxism, buspirone and clonazepam are two important drugs used.The study of these drugs in small samples and the fact that the available information is mostly based on case reports clearly shows the necessity of further studies. The widespread use of cognitive behavioral therapy in both disorders will be a solution and eliminate the side effects of medication.Regardless of the treatment option, both dentists and psychiatrists should be in a multidisciplinary working environment and should evaluate these diseases within the framework of the biopsychosocial model