113 research outputs found
Irregular AC losses with long time constants in large cable-in-conduit conductors
科研費報告書収録論文(課題番号:15360491/研究代表者:濱島高太郎/大型超伝導コイルに発生する不規則な交流損失の原因究明)44
Gefitinib (‘Iressa’, ZD1839) inhibits the growth response of bladder tumour cell lines to epidermal growth factor and induces TIMP2
Human Macrophages and Dendritic Cells Can Equally Present MART-1 Antigen to CD8+ T Cells after Phagocytosis of Gamma-Irradiated Melanoma Cells
Dendritic cells (DC) can achieve cross-presentation of naturally-occurring
tumor-associated antigens after phagocytosis and processing of dying tumor
cells. They have been used in different clinical settings to vaccinate cancer
patients. We have previously used gamma-irradiated MART-1 expressing melanoma
cells as a source of antigens to vaccinate melanoma patients by injecting
irradiated cells with BCG and GM-CSF or to load immature DC and use them as
a vaccine. Other clinical trials have used IFN-gamma activated macrophage
killer cells (MAK) to treat cancer patients. However, the clinical use of
MAK has been based on their direct tumoricidal activity rather than on their
ability to act as antigen-presenting cells to stimulate an adaptive antitumor
response. Thus, in the present work, we compared the fate of MART-1 after
phagocytosis of gamma-irradiated cells by clinical grade DC or MAK as well
as the ability of these cells to cross present MART-1 to CD8+
T cells. Using a high affinity antibody against MART-1, 2A9, which specifically
stains melanoma tumors, melanoma cell lines and normal melanocytes, the expression
level of MART-1 in melanoma cell lines could be related to their ability to
stimulate IFN-gamma production by a MART-1 specific HLA-A*0201-restricted
CD8+ T cell clone. Confocal microscopy with Alexa Fluor®647-labelled
2A9 also showed that MART-1 could be detected in tumor cells attached and/or
fused to phagocytes and even inside these cells as early as 1 h and up to
24 h or 48 h after initiation of co-cultures between gamma-irradiated melanoma
cells and MAK or DC, respectively. Interestingly, MART-1 was cross-presented
to MART-1 specific T cells by both MAK and DC co-cultured with melanoma gamma-irradiated
cells for different time-points. Thus, naturally occurring MART-1 melanoma
antigen can be taken-up from dying melanoma cells into DC or MAK and both
cell types can induce specific CD8+ T cell cross-presentation
thereafter
Haplotype Analysis Improved Evidence for Candidate Genes for Intramuscular Fat Percentage from a Genome Wide Association Study of Cattle
In genome wide association studies (GWAS), haplotype analyses of SNP data are neglected in favour of single point analysis of associations. In a recent GWAS, we found that none of the known candidate genes for intramuscular fat (IMF) had been identified. In this study, data from the GWAS for these candidate genes were re-analysed as haplotypes. First, we confirmed that the methodology would find evidence for association between haplotypes in candidate genes of the calpain-calpastatin complex and musculus longissimus lumborum peak force (LLPF), because these genes had been confirmed through single point analysis in the GWAS. Then, for intramuscular fat percent (IMF), we found significant partial haplotype substitution effects for the genes ADIPOQ and CXCR4, as well as suggestive associations to the genes CEBPA, FASN, and CAPN1. Haplotypes for these genes explained 80% more of the phenotypic variance compared to the best single SNP. For some genes the analyses suggested that there was more than one causative mutation in some genes, or confirmed that some causative mutations are limited to particular subgroups of a species. Fitting the SNPs and their interactions simultaneously explained a similar amount of the phenotypic variance compared to haplotype analyses. Haplotype analysis is a neglected part of the suite of tools used to analyse GWAS data, would be a useful method to extract more information from these data sets, and may contribute to reducing the missing heritability problem
Abiotic ammonium formation in the presence of Ni-Fe metals and alloys and its implications for the Hadean nitrogen cycle
Experiments with dinitrogen-, nitrite-, nitrate-containing solutions were conducted without headspace in Ti reactors (200°C), borosilicate septum bottles (70°C) and HDPE tubes (22°C) in the presence of Fe and Ni metal, awaruite (Ni80Fe20) and tetrataenite (Ni50Fe50). In general, metals used in this investigation were more reactive than alloys toward all investigated nitrogen species. Nitrite and nitrate were converted to ammonium more rapidly than dinitrogen, and the reduction process had a strong temperature dependence. We concluded from our experimental observations that Hadean submarine hydrothermal systems could have supplied significant quantities of ammonium for reactions that are generally associated with prebiotic synthesis, especially in localized environments. Several natural meteorites (octahedrites) were found to contain up to 22 ppm Ntot. While the oxidation state of N in the octahedrites was not determined, XPS analysis of metals and alloys used in the study shows that N is likely present as nitride (N3-). This observation may have implications toward the Hadean environment, since, terrestrial (e.g., oceanic) ammonium production may have been supplemented by reduced nitrogen delivered by metal-rich meteorites. This notion is based on the fact that nitrogen dissolves into metallic melts
Preparation and Double Michael Addition Reactions of a Synthetic Equivalent of the Nazarov Reagent
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