Novel Drug Approvals 2023

This article provides an overview of the novel drugs approved for 2023. The Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) provides standards to drug developers. The CDER sets standards for required data needed in the drug development and application process. Every year a variety of new drugs and biological products are approved. Some are new molecular compounds while others are structurally similar to those already on the market. Therefore, products may not have been used in medical practice previously while others have already been used in practice. This article highlights medications that are new in medical practice over the last year and bring attention to the numerous advancements in medicine. From January 1, 2023, to December 6, 2023, the FDA has approved fifty-three novel drugs highlighted in Table 1. Hematology and Oncology accounted for the majority of drug approvals. Four medications are discussed in detail based on their use in the outpatient setting

The Adverse Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors and How to De-Escalate Therapy

This article discusses how many patients, both inpatient and outpatient, are initiated on proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for stomach acid related symptoms, as well as for prophylaxis. These medications may inadvertently be continued long-term. Chronic use of PPIs can result in adverse events, such as vitamin deficiencies, community-acquired pneumonia, and an increased risk for Clostridium difficile infection. Clinicians should periodically evaluate the need for PPIs in patients and discontinue as appropriate

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines for Adults

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a virus that causes outbreaks of acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) worldwide. The infections are associated with high rates of hospitalizations, which may lead to death, especially in older adults and young children. Due to the morbidity and mortality associated with RSV, pharmaceutical companies have dedicated research to create a vaccine since the 1960s. Despite setbacks after the failure of the first RSV vaccine, new developments in research have led to the approval of two new vaccines. Ensuring healthcare professionals and patients are well-informed about these vaccines is crucial for facilitating informed, collaborative clinical decision-making regarding their administration

Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Review for Health Care Providers

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are a novel class of anticoagulants. They include rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, and dabigatran. Benefits of DOACs over many older anticoagulants include oral administration, quicker onset of action, less monitoring requirements, and fewer drug interactions. Since the DOACs were first introduced, their use has increased tremendously. This article aims to help providers become more familiar with DOACs and the specific factors that may impact prescribing practices. Several drugs used for the reversal of DOACs will also be discussed. Lastly, the article will describe certain situations in which warfarin is preferred over DOACs

Special Issue Editorial: Introduction to Design Science Education

We propose conceptualizing design science education in the information systems (IS) discipline. While design science has become a robust research paradigm, well-recognized in solving practical problems, how design science should be taught is a question that IS scholars, academia, and practitioners are only now addressing. We do so by considering design science education as a pedagogical tool that engages IS students in design knowledge creation and authentic learning. We conceptualize design science education as three intersections: research-education, research-practice, and education-practice. We further use this conceptualization to introduce six new studies in design science education

Listen Up: A case study examination of focused listening

Today, most everyday music listening is an accompaniment to other activities; it is far less common that listening is someone’s primary activity, receiving most of their attention. In this article, we present a case study, Listen Up, run by Indigo Project, a mental health organization in Sydney, Australia, in which we explored relationships between participants’ responses to the experience and their demographics and styles of music engagement. A sample of 187 Australian residents (aged 20–64 years) who attended Listen Up completed a survey measuring music engagement; emotional responses to the experience; perceived outcomes of the session; pre- and post-measures of stress, mood, and anxiety; and free-text responses to questions concerning their experiences of listening mindfully and any thoughts or feelings that arose during the session. Participants experienced an increased mood and decreased levels of stress and arousal after taking part in Listen Up. Their focused-listening experiences were not simply characterized by enjoying the music; rather, the emotions evoked were varied and complex. We characterized their emotional responses as negative, positive, evocative and expressive, and sad; in addition, participants characterized their own experiences as a cathartic journey resolving into a positive, peaceful, and calm state. Reported outcomes of participating in Listen Up included experiences described as being emotionally challenging, therapeutic, and physically uncomfortable. An affective music engagement style was positively associated with evocative and expressive and sad emotional experiences, and therapeutic outcomes. As a focused-listening experience, Listen Up provides participants with the opportunity not only to attend to music but also to reflect on and process their personal thoughts and feelings. This research provides evidence for the emotional and mental health benefits of focused music listening, such that, focused listening reflects opportunities for strong experiences with music in today’s listening landscape

Reduction of Erosion Risk in Adult Patients with Implanted Ports

To reduce the percent of port erosion per year to at or below the number reported in the literature.https://digitalcommons.centracare.com/nursing_posters/1004/thumbnail.jp

Dynamic and Non-Neutral Productivity Effects of Foreign Ownership: A Nonparametric Approach

This paper studies two novel productivity characteristics of foreign acquisition on high-tech manufacturing firms: the dynamic and the non-Hicks-neutral effects. A dynamic productivity effect of foreign ownership arises when adoption of foreign technology and management practices takes time to fully realize. Furthermore, these dynamic adjustments may be capital or labor augmenting as adoption of advanced production technologies tends to have non-neutral productivity implications in developed countries. We propose and implement an econometric framework to estimate both effects using firm-level data from China\u27s manufacturing sector. Our framework extends the nonparametric productivity framework developed by Gandhi, Navarro and Rivers (2020), in which identification is achieved using a firm\u27s first-order conditions and timing assumptions. We find strong evidence of dynamic and non-neutral effects from foreign ownership, with significant differences across investment sources. Investment from OECD sources is found to provide a long-term productivity boost for all but the largest recipients, while that from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan does not raise performance. These findings have implications for China\u27s declining labor share and for the rising domestic value-added content of its high-tech exports

C-reactive protein mediates the effect of apolipoprotein E on cytomegalovirus infection

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/61299/1/AielloNguyen,C-reactiveproteienmediatestheeffect.pd

CCR5AS lncRNA variation differentially regulates CCR5, influencing HIV disease outcome.

Multiple genome-wide studies have identified associations between outcome of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and polymorphisms in and around the gene encoding the HIV co-receptor CCR5, but the functional basis for the strongest of these associations, rs1015164A/G, is unknown. We found that rs1015164 marks variation in an activating transcription factor 1 binding site that controls expression of the antisense long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) CCR5AS. Knockdown or enhancement of CCR5AS expression resulted in a corresponding change in CCR5 expression on CD4+ T cells. CCR5AS interfered with interactions between the RNA-binding protein Raly and the CCR5 3' untranslated region, protecting CCR5 messenger RNA from Raly-mediated degradation. Reduction in CCR5 expression through inhibition of CCR5AS diminished infection of CD4+ T cells with CCR5-tropic HIV in vitro. These data represent a rare determination of the functional importance of a genome-wide disease association where expression of a lncRNA affects HIV infection and disease progression