First Investigations on the Energy Deposited in a D0 early separation scheme Dipole for the LHC upgrade

This note gives the first results of energy deposition calculation on a simplified model for an early scheme separation dipole D0, located at 3.5 m from the IP. The Monte Carlo code FLUKA version 2006.3 has been used for modelling the multi-particle interactions and energy transport. After a short introduction to particle interaction with matter and power deposition processes, the FLUKA modelling is described with bench marked power deposition calculation on the TAS, the absorber located in front of the triplet quadrupoles. The power deposition results for the D0 early scheme are then discussed in details, with the averaged and peak power density, and the variations of the total heat load in the dipole with the longitudinal position and with the aperture diameter

Procedures and first investigation of the power radiated by proton-proton collisions into an early separation dipole for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade

In this note, a simplified model of a proton-proton collisions and a dipole is used to investigate the variation of the impinging energy versus the distance to the interaction point (IP) and the dipole inner coil diameters. Contrary to expectation, the impinging energy is not seen to vary significantly with the distance to the IP and even tends to decrease when the distance is decreased. On the contrary, the inner coil diameter is a sensitive parameter. In order to understand these observations and allow predictions, the losses and their variations are analysed in terms of secondary particle types and energy spectrum. For any designed optical set up, it gives some hints on the critically â hot' regions

The institutional context influencing rural-urban migration choices and strategies for young married women and men in Vietnam

This report draws together secondary data and informed opinion relating to the wider context in which young married rural-urban migrants must craft strategies for managing their reproductive and family lives. In contrast to long standing patterns of male migration, the increasing numbers of migrants and the emergence of new forms of migration mean that young married women are increasingly moving for work too. The report outlines the wider situation in which these dynamics are occurring: the growing inequalities in the context of doi moi, the declining barrier that household registration poses to mobility, and the changing opportunities for work in the city. It also reviews changing gender relations in Vietnam with particular attention to changes in marriage and marital relations, in sexuality and fertility and in parenting. Finally it explores how changes in social entitlements in Vietnam may affect these migrants with special attention to maternal health, child health and children’s education. The report concludes that migrants with young families and new marriages face a plethora of barriers and opportunities that they must negotiate and that the strategies they formulate are dynamic and involve complex trade-offs

Process modelling of a PVC production plant

This paper presents the modelling of a Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) resins manufacturing process with batch process simulator, SuperPro Designer V6.0. The simulation model has been developed based on the operating condition of a local PVC manufacturing plant. As the polymerisation process is carried out in batch operation mode, efforts have been made to document the scheduling details of each unit operation and results are presented in the Gantt chart. Cycle time for a complete polymerisation process is determined to be 14.28 hours. The model also reveals that approximately 17 batches of polymerisation reaction can be processed per day, which tallies the real operation of the PVC manufacturing plant

Are Large-Aperture NbTi Magnets Compatible with 1e35?

To protect magnets in the insertion region, we have some degrees of freedom to use for optimal performance. Aperture, distance from the IP, the length of the magnets and the design of absorption systems are important parameters for the optimization. We look exclusively here at the effects of the collision debris, which give the major contribution to the heat deposition in the insertion magnets. To answer the challenging question in the title of this contribution, the approach was to use the baseline upgrade scenario for phase 1 and simply imagine higher particle fluxes from the higher luminosity (no change in optics). From this, a simple approach of magnet shielding using a liner in the cold bore tube gave us the answer: NbTi technology may be compatible with a luminosity of 1035. This gives also the interesting possibility to extract heat from this liner at a higher cryogenic temperature. However the final demonstration needs a detailed model. We have also made some parameter variations (crossing angle, TAS aperture) and checked the Q0 upgrade scenario concerning deposited heat. The effect of a D0 magnet on heat deposition in the IR has also been evaluated

Inter-comparison of MARS and FLUKA: Predictions on Energy Deposition in LHC IR Quadrupoles

Detailed modellings of the LHC insertion regions (IR) have earlier been performed to evaluate energy deposition in the IR superconducting magnets [1-4]. Proton-proton collisions at 14 TeV in the centre of mass lead to debris, depositing energy in the IR components. To evaluate uncertainties in those simulations and gain further confidence in the tools and approaches used, inter-comparison calculations have been performed with the latest versions of the FLUKA (2006.3b) [5, 6] and MARS15 [7, 8] Monte Carlo codes. These two codes, used worldwide for multi particle interaction and transport in accelerator, detector and shielding components, have been thoroughly benchmarked by the code authors and the user community (see, for example, recent [9, 10]). In the study described below, a better than 5% agreement was obtained for energy deposition calculated with these two codes - based on different independent physics models - for the identical geometry and initial conditions of a simple model representing the IR5 and its first quadrupole