Linear electric generator with Halbach array to self-charge a smartphone

Cellular phones have not only function to communicate, but also have e-banking, web surfing, music, and entertainment. The performance of the smartphone has improved because of various functions of smartphone, and capacity of battery has also improved gradually. Although smartphone batteries have been improved compared to conventional batteries, the available usage time of a phone’s rechargeable battery is getting shorter because of the demands of various applications. Therefore, we propose a new tubular permanent magnet linear generator that uses a Halbach array, to send a message or emergency call when the battery is discharged. In order to increase the power generation of existing tubular linear generators, we changed the axial-direction permanent magnet array to a Halbach-type array. When using the Halbach array, it is possible to generate a strong magnetic field without additional magnetic material. In this research, we compared the Halbach array that uses axially and radially magnetized permanent magnets with an existing model that uses an axially magnets. We verified improvement in the amount of power generated with no-load analysis through simulation using the Maxwell commercial electromagnetic analysis software

Dispersion of Vascular Plant in An-do, Korea

AbstractThe vascular plants observed in the area were composed of a total of 342 taxa; 104 families, 239 genus, 309 species, 30 varieties, 2 forms and 1 sub-species. The endangered species found in the area were Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schm. and Milletia japonica (Siebold & Zucc.) A.Gray. The five endemic plants were found growing in the area like Carpinus coreana Nakai., Celtis choseniana Nakai, Clematis trichotoma, Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora and Weigela subsessilis L.H.Bailey. Specialized plants of Geumodo were a total of 45 species; 34 taxa in Grade I, 10 taxa in Grade III, and 1 taxon in Grade V. Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schm. and Milletia japonica (Siebold & Zucc.) A.Gray confirmed in this study formed a colony alongside the coast and mountain paths. Currently, the construction to build water supply and sewer systems destroyed part of the colony. Therefore, in the long-term perspective, the conservation plan such as comprehensive research and monitoring on the ecosystem shall be established to protect indeciduous plants in the warm temperate zone

Ultraviolet photodepletion spectroscopy of dibenzo-18-crown-6-ether complexes with alkali metal cations

Ultraviolet photodepletion spectra of dibenzo-18-crown-6-ether complexes with alkali metal cations (M+-DB18C6, M = Cs, Rb, K, Na, and Li) were obtained in the gas phase using electrospray ionization quadrupole ion-trap reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The spectra exhibited a few distinct absorption bands in the wavenumber region of 35450−37800 cm^(−1). The lowest-energy band was tentatively assigned to be the origin of the S_0-S_1 transition, and the second band to a vibronic transition arising from the “benzene breathing” mode in conjunction with symmetric or asymmetric stretching vibration of the bonds between the metal cation and the oxygen atoms in DB18C6. The red shifts of the origin bands were observed in the spectra as the size of the metal cation in M^+-DB18C6 increased from Li^+ to Cs^+. We suggested that these red shifts arose mainly from the decrease in the binding energies of larger-sized metal cations to DB18C6 at the electronic ground state. These size effects of the metal cations on the geometric and electronic structures, and the binding properties of the complexes at the S_0 and S_1 states were further elucidated by theoretical calculations using density functional and time-dependent density functional theories

A Dynamic Information-Based Parking Guidance for Megacities considering Both Public and Private Parking

The constantly increasing number of cars in the megacities is causing severe parking problems. To resolve this problem, many cities adopt parking guidance system as a part of intelligent transportation system (ITS). However, the current parking guidance system stays in its infant stage since the obtainable information is limited. To enhance parking management in the megacity and to provide better parking guidance to drivers, this study introduces an intelligent parking guidance system and proposes a new methodology to operate it. The introduced system considers both public parking and private parking so that it is designed to maximize the use of spatial resources of the city. The proposed methodology is based on the dynamic information related parking in the city and suggests the best parking space to each driver. To do this, two kinds of utility functions which assess parking spaces are developed. Using the proposed methodology, different types of parking management policies are tested through the simulation. According to the experimental test, it is shown that the centrally managed parking guidance can give better results than individually preferred parking guidance. The simulation test proves that both a driver???s benefits and parking management of a city from various points of view can be improved by using the proposed methodology

Application of Computational Lower Extremity Model to Investigate Different Muscle Activities and Joint Force Patterns in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients during Walking

Many experimental and computational studies have reported that osteoarthritis in the knee joint affects knee biomechanics, including joint kinematics, joint contact forces, and muscle activities, due to functional restriction and disability. In this study, differences in muscle activities and joint force patterns between knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients and normal subjects during walking were investigated using the inverse dynamic analysis with a lower extremity musculoskeletal model. Extensor/flexor muscle activations and torque ratios and the joint contact forces were compared between the OA and normal groups. The OA patients had higher extensor muscle forces and lateral component of the knee joint force than normal subjects as well as force and torque ratios of extensor and flexor muscles, while the other parameters had little differences. The results explained that OA patients increased the level of antagonistic cocontraction and the adduction moment on the knee joint. The presented findings and technologies provide insight into biomechanical changes in OA patients and can also be used to evaluate the postoperative functional outcomes of the OA treatments

Development of Automatic Mold Shot Measurement and Management System for Smart Factory

Many small- and medium-sized car-part manufacturers are either still managing their mold manually or rarely managing it, and therefore, experience significant manufacturing cost and loss in time. In such a situation, a module has been developed in the present work which can count the number of mold used. Such a module is extremely important for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) applying which in the production line they will be able to manage the mold life cycle and improve product quality. This is expected to have both direct and indirect effects on their business activities. The developed system uses a photo sensor, distance measurement sensor, Atmega128 MCU, tablet pc and Bluetooth communication module. The actual module developed in this study was set up on a molding equipment for test and data were collected using an existing tablet PC. The test showed that the number of shots increased when the upper mold touched the lower mold. The maximum and minimum value between the upper and lower molds could be adjusted with the automatic mold shot measurement and management system. Therefore, any molding equipment with various upper-lower gaps will be able to apply the newly developed system

Linear electric generator with Halbach array to self-charge a smartphone

Cellular phones have not only function to communicate, but also have e-banking, web surfing, music, and entertainment. The performance of the smartphone has improved because of various functions of smartphone, and capacity of battery has also improved gradually. Although smartphone batteries have been improved compared to conventional batteries, the available usage time of a phone’s rechargeable battery is getting shorter because of the demands of various applications. Therefore, we propose a new tubular permanent magnet linear generator that uses a Halbach array, to send a message or emergency call when the battery is discharged. In order to increase the power generation of existing tubular linear generators, we changed the axial-direction permanent magnet array to a Halbach-type array. When using the Halbach array, it is possible to generate a strong magnetic field without additional magnetic material. In this research, we compared the Halbach array that uses axially and radially magnetized permanent magnets with an existing model that uses an axially magnets. We verified improvement in the amount of power generated with no-load analysis through simulation using the Maxwell commercial electromagnetic analysis software

Linear electric generator with Halbach array to self-charge a smartphone

Cellular phones have not only function to communicate, but also have e-banking, web surfing, music, and entertainment. The performance of the smartphone has improved because of various functions of smartphone, and capacity of battery has also improved gradually. Although smartphone batteries have been improved compared to conventional batteries, the available usage time of a phone’s rechargeable battery is getting shorter because of the demands of various applications. Therefore, we propose a new tubular permanent magnet linear generator that uses a Halbach array, to send a message or emergency call when the battery is discharged. In order to increase the power generation of existing tubular linear generators, we changed the axial-direction permanent magnet array to a Halbach-type array. When using the Halbach array, it is possible to generate a strong magnetic field without additional magnetic material. In this research, we compared the Halbach array that uses axially and radially magnetized permanent magnets with an existing model that uses an axially magnets. We verified improvement in the amount of power generated with no-load analysis through simulation using the Maxwell commercial electromagnetic analysis software

Linear electric generator with Halbach array to self-charge a smartphone

Cellular phones have not only function to communicate, but also have e-banking, web surfing, music, and entertainment. The performance of the smartphone has improved because of various functions of smartphone, and capacity of battery has also improved gradually. Although smartphone batteries have been improved compared to conventional batteries, the available usage time of a phone’s rechargeable battery is getting shorter because of the demands of various applications. Therefore, we propose a new tubular permanent magnet linear generator that uses a Halbach array, to send a message or emergency call when the battery is discharged. In order to increase the power generation of existing tubular linear generators, we changed the axial-direction permanent magnet array to a Halbach-type array. When using the Halbach array, it is possible to generate a strong magnetic field without additional magnetic material. In this research, we compared the Halbach array that uses axially and radially magnetized permanent magnets with an existing model that uses an axially magnets. We verified improvement in the amount of power generated with no-load analysis through simulation using the Maxwell commercial electromagnetic analysis software