RPC Gap Production and Performance for CMS RE4 Upgrade

CMS experiment constructed the fourth Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) trigger station composed of 144 RPCs to enhance the high momentum muon trigger efficiency at both endcap regions. All new CMS endcap RPC gaps are produced in accordance with QA and QC at the Korea Detector Laboratory (KODEL) in Korea. All qualified gaps have been delivered to three assembly sites: CERN in Switzerland, BARC in India, and Ghent University in Belgium for the RPC detector assembly. In this paper, we present the detailed procedures used in the production of RPC gaps adopted for the CMS upgrade.Comment: RPC2014 conference contribution, 7 pages, 8 figure

Urban military operation mobility model

A Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork (MANET) is collection of wireless mobile nodes without a network infrastructure or centralized administration. Although MANETs can be used in many applications, such as mobile Internet, military communication, and disaster relief networks, a number of challenges remain. These include routing, medium access control, security, scalability, energy efficiency, mobility, etc. In order to study the viability of large-scale MANETs, researchers rely on wireless network simulators to test new ideas. Wireless network simulations require several important parameters, such as routing protocols, mobility models, and data traffic models. Among these, developing realistic mobility models is crucial for accurately evaluating the performance of MANETs. There are many models that emulate mobility of users. The most representative are entity and group mobility models. In a battlefield, mobility patterns of military units are different than mobility patterns of civilians. Thus, a special group mobility model is needed to appropriately simulate military operations on the battlefield. Hong et al. proposed the Reference Point Group Mobility (RPGM) model, which relates a group movement by a logical center. The Virtual Track (VT) mobility model and Reference Region Group Mobility (RRGM) model adds a group partitioning and merging scheme. The VT mobility model uses a Switch Station for group partitioning and merging, and the RRGM employs the Reference Region for assigning a group mission and dividing a group. These mobility models can be used to model operations in open areas or within specific building structures. However, group movements for military operations exhibit a more complicated pattern in urban areas. For example, a group is divided into smaller groups for accomplishing new mission and the small groups must be merged with their main forces at specific location or group destination after achieving their new tasks. Unfortunately, VT and RRGM mobility models do not specify a group merging event and location with their main forces. This thesis proposes a new group mobility model for military urban operation called Urban Military Operation Mobility Model (UMOMM). In UMOMM, the group moves along a road and employs group partitioning for new missions and allows for merging at the specific locations. UMOMM also employs a time delay to model soldiers encountering and overcoming obstacles during a missions. Finally, the impact of the proposed mobility model on different routing protocols is studied

TESTING OF ROTATIONAL EXERCISE EQUIPMENT TO IMPROVE THE VESTIBULAR SYSTEM

The primary purpose of this study was to test the effect of training using the rotational exercise equipment developed in this study on the improvement of the vestibular system. In order to test the rotational exercise equipment developed in this study, 15 ordinary college students had trainings for 8 weeks and their nystagmus intensity was analyzed. The findings showed that the rotational training using the rotational exercise equipment affected vestibular balance, as it significantly decreased the slow phase velocity (SPV) immediately after rotational stimulation and reduced the recovery time of nystagmus to normal

Carbon Uptake Rates of Sea Ice Algae and Phytoplankton under Different Light Intensities in a Landfast Sea Ice Zone, Barrow, Alaska

To determine whether nitrogen or light exerts the most control for the rates of carbon production of ice algae and phytoplankton under the ice, nitrogen addition (NO3 or NH4) and light increment experiments were executed on the landfast sea ice of Barrow, Alaska, during the 2003 growing season by using a 13C-15N dual isotope tracer technique. The productivity of the bottom sea ice algae and phytoplankton at Barrow in 2003 was limited mainly by low light levels (approximately 0.3% of the surface irradiance) at the bottom under the snow-covered sea ice. The carbon and nitrate uptake rates of ice algae and phytoplankton increased as the incubation depth in the ice hole decreased and light intensity increased. In addition, under higher light conditions, the relative production of proteins of the bottom ice algae decreased, whereas the lipid proportion increased. The higher level of lipid synthesis of the ice algae might be significant to the nutrition of zooplankton and benthos because lipids are the most energy-dense biomolecules.Afin de déterminer si c’est l’azote ou la lumière qui exerce le plus grand contrôle sur les taux de production de carbone émanant des algues de glace et du phytoplancton sous la glace, des expériences consistant en l’ajout différentiel d’azote (NO3 ou NH4) et de lumière ont été effectuées sur la glace de mer côtière de Barrow, en Alaska, pendant la saison de croissance de 2003 grâce à une technique de traceurs d’isotopes mixtes de 13C-15N. La productivité des algues de glace de mer et de phytoplancton de fond à Barrow en 2003 a été surtout restreinte par les faibles taux de lumière (environ 0,3 % de l’éclairement de la surface) au fond, sous la glace de mer couverte de neige. Les taux d’absorption de carbone et d’azote chez les algues de glace et le phytoplancton augmentaient au fur et à mesure que la profondeur d’incubation du trou de glace diminuait et que l’intensité lumineuse s’intensifiait. De plus, lorsque les conditions de luminosité étaient plus grandes, la production relative de protéines des algues de glace de fond diminuait, tandis que la proportion de lipides grimpait. Le taux plus élevé de synthèse des lipides des algues de glace pourrait revêtir de l’importance dans la nutrition du zooplancton et du benthos parce que les lipides sont les biomolécules les plus denses en énergie

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Caused by Space Occupying Lesions

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of the carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) due to space occupying lesions (SOL). MATERIALS and METHODS: Eleven patients and 12 cases that underwent surgery for CTS due to SOL were studied retrospectively. We excluded SOL caused by bony lesions, such as malunion of distal radius fracture, volar lunate dislocation, etc. the average age was 51 years. There were 3 men and 8 women. Follow-up period was 12 to 40 months with an average of 18 months. the diagnosis of CTS was made clinically and electrophysiologically. in patients with swelling or tenderness on the area of wrist flexion creases, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or computed tomogram (CT) were additionally taken as well as the carpal tunnel view. We performed conventional open transverse carpal ligament release and removal of SOL. RESULTS: the types of lesion confirmed by pathologic examination were; tuberculosis tenosynovitis in 3 cases, nonspecific tenosynovitis in 2 cases, and gout in one case. Other SOLs were tumorous condition in five cases, and abnormal palmaris longus hypertrophy in 1 case. Tumorous conditions were due to calcifying mass in 4 cases and ganglion in 1 case. Following surgery, all cases showed alleviation of symptom without recurrence or complications. CONCLUSION: in cases with swelling or tenderness on the area of wrist flexion creases, it is important to obtain a carpal tunnel view, and MRI and/or CT should be supplemented in order to rule out SOLs around the carpal tunnel, if necessary.ope