396 research outputs found
DISCO: Adversarial Defense with Local Implicit Functions
The problem of adversarial defenses for image classification, where the goal
is to robustify a classifier against adversarial examples, is considered.
Inspired by the hypothesis that these examples lie beyond the natural image
manifold, a novel aDversarIal defenSe with local impliCit functiOns (DISCO) is
proposed to remove adversarial perturbations by localized manifold projections.
DISCO consumes an adversarial image and a query pixel location and outputs a
clean RGB value at the location. It is implemented with an encoder and a local
implicit module, where the former produces per-pixel deep features and the
latter uses the features in the neighborhood of query pixel for predicting the
clean RGB value. Extensive experiments demonstrate that both DISCO and its
cascade version outperform prior defenses, regardless of whether the defense is
known to the attacker. DISCO is also shown to be data and parameter efficient
and to mount defenses that transfers across datasets, classifiers and attacks.Comment: Accepted to Neurips 202
ProTeCt: Prompt Tuning for Hierarchical Consistency
Large visual-language models, like CLIP, learn generalized representations
and have shown promising zero-shot performance. Few-shot adaptation methods,
based on prompt tuning, have also been shown to further improve performance on
downstream datasets. However, these models are not hierarchically consistent.
Frequently, they infer incorrect labels at coarser taxonomic class levels, even
when the inference at the leaf level (original class labels) is correct. This
is problematic, given their support for open set classification and, in
particular, open-grained classification, where practitioners define label sets
at various levels of granularity. To address this problem, we propose a prompt
tuning technique to calibrate the hierarchical consistency of model
predictions. A set of metrics of hierarchical consistency, the Hierarchical
Consistent Accuracy (HCA) and the Mean Treecut Accuracy (MTA), are first
proposed to benchmark model performance in the open-granularity setting. A
prompt tuning technique, denoted as Prompt Tuning for Hierarchical Consistency
(ProTeCt), is then proposed to calibrate classification across all possible
label set granularities. Results show that ProTeCt can be combined with
existing prompt tuning methods to significantly improve open-granularity
classification performance without degradation of the original classification
performance at the leaf level
Spatio-Temporal Modeling for Flash Memory Channels Using Conditional Generative Nets
We propose a data-driven approach to modeling the spatio-temporal
characteristics of NAND flash memory read voltages using conditional generative
networks. The learned model reconstructs read voltages from an individual
memory cell based on the program levels of the cell and its surrounding cells,
as well as the specified program/erase (P/E) cycling time stamp. We evaluate
the model over a range of time stamps using the cell read voltage
distributions, the cell level error rates, and the relative frequency of errors
for patterns most susceptible to inter-cell interference (ICI) effects. We
conclude that the model accurately captures the spatial and temporal features
of the flash memory channel
From Biomarker Discovery to Clinical Evaluation for Early Diagnosis of Lung Surgery-Induced Injury
Single‐Step Primary Amine Synthesis on Proton Sensitive Nanofilms to Overcome Its Debye Length Limitations
NeurphologyJ: An automatic neuronal morphology quantification method and its application in pharmacological discovery
MUC4 gene polymorphisms associate with endometriosis development and endometriosis-related infertility
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mucin 4 (<it>MUC4</it>) plays an important role in protecting and lubricating the epithelial surface of reproductive tracts, but its role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis is largely unknown.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>To correlate <it>MUC4 </it>polymorphism with the risk of endometriosis and endometriosis-related infertility, we performed a case-control study of 140 patients and 150 healthy women. Six unique single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs882605, rs1104760, rs2688513, rs2246901, rs2258447 and rs2291652) were selected for this study. DNA fragments containing the target SNP sites were amplified by polymerase chain reaction using the TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay System to evaluate allele frequency and distribution of genotype in <it>MUC4 </it>polymorphisms.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Both the T/G genotype of rs882605 and the frequency of haplotype T-T (rs882605 and rs1104760) were higher in patients than in controls and were statistically significant. The frequency of the C allele at rs1104760, the C allele at rs2688513, the G allele at rs2246901 and the A allele at rs2258447 were associated with advanced stage of endometriosis. Moreover, the G allele at rs882605 was verified as a key genetic factor for infertility in patients. Protein sequence analysis indicated that amino acid substitutions by genetic variations at rs882605, rs2688513 and rs2246901 occur in the putative functional loops and the type D von Willebrand factor (VWFD) domain in the MUC4 sequence.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p><it>MUC4 </it>polymorphisms are associated with endometriosis development and endometriosis-related infertility in the Taiwanese population.</p
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