The role of resistin and its relation to other pathogenetic factors of the chronic kidney disease development

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the leading cause of death from non-communicable diseases, and its prevalence in 2017 ranged from 8.5 to 9.8%. Depending on the stage of CKD, stage 1 was diagnosed in 3.5%, stage 2 in 3.2% and stage 3 in 7.6%, while stages 4 and 5 took place in 0.4 and 0.1% of the world’s population respectively. Obesity also contributes to the increase in the prevalence and severity of CKD, and their combination occurs in 3.1% of patients. Kidney damage and their structural and functional changes in patients with obesity are associated with high metabolic activity of adipose tissue, due to the synthesis of adipocytokines, including resistin. The purpose of the work: to study changes of resistin level in the blood in patients with early stages of chronic kidney disease, its relation to the level of endothelin, markers of lipid metabolism and inflammation. Materials and methods: 70 patients with stage 1 and 88 patients with stage 2 of CKD with different stages of obesity were examined. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated by the formula CKD-EPI based on creatinine, cystatin C and their combination (CKD-EPIcysC / cr). The levels of cystatin C, resistin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and endothelin-1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Determination of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the blood serum was performed by colorimetric method. Statistical analysis of the results was performed with the help of Statistica 6.0 statistical software package using Student’s t-test and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Results: an increase of the resistin level in the blood by 1.3 times in the patients with stage 1 CKD and by 1.6 times in the patients with stage 2 CKD and obesity was determined (p1.2 < 0.05), and there was a weak correlation between its concentration in the blood and body mass index. A significant average negative correlation between resistin and GFR was detected. Increased serum resistin level correlates with increased TNF-α. In patients of both groups, the level of resistin and LDL increases simultaneously, and the correlation between them increases as CKD progresses. Similar changes are observed with respect to increasing concentrations of resistin and endothelin-1. Thus, an increase of resistin level in the blood in patients with the early stages of CKD initiates a number of pathological changes, such as systemic inflammation, hyperlipidemia and endothelial dysfunction

Systemic interaction between educators of choreographic disciplines under distance learning conditions

Distance learning is an essential component of modern choreographic education under quarantine restrictions. It puts new tasks in front of the academic teaching staff, administrators, managers, and other educational process participants; it demands new rules of interaction. The aim of this study was to identify the main problems and difficulties encountered in choreographic education under distance learning conditions, as well as to present a set of teaching activities intended to alleviate rejection and anxiety about the changes in teaching by all educational process participants. The article highlights several activities to find ways to enhance interaction between teachers and accompanists. We used a comprehensive approach to methodology: descriptive method, analysis, and synthesis to consider the theoretical foundations, statistical methods (qualitative and quantitative), the method of questioning, as well as the method of a pedagogical experiment - collection, description and analysis of the practical results of behavioral research. Choreographic education needs close interaction between all participants in the educational process under distance learning conditions. The latter relieves stress and improves the attitude to the work of the choreographer within the conditions changed due to quarantine restrictions. This interaction is facilitated by using the possibilities of digital space and the virtualization of the educational process. Further research should consider successful forms and methods of teaching choreography under distance learning conditions and look for effective ways of improving the interaction between all participants in the educational process