A study of dependence tendency on friend and parents-child relationship in adolescence

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dependence tendency associated with the interpersonal relationship and the parents-child relationship in adolescence. Subjects were 398 undergraduate students, who were asked to perform a set of questionnaires on dependence tendency and parents-child relationship. The results of this study showed that sex differences, existence of sibling, wether living with parents, and school year affect on their dependence tendency and parents-child relationship

Differences in image density adjustment parameters on the image matching accuracy of a floor-mounted kV X-ray image-guided radiation therapy system

This study aimed to investigate the effect of two different image density adjustment parameters on the results of image matching at six degrees of freedom using radiographic images generated by the ExacTrac X-ray system in brain stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). This study comprised 32 patients who underwent brain SRS at our hospital from January 2020 to December 2020. In this study, (1) the default parameter (an image density parameter between “tissue” and “bone”) was an image density parameter for digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR) generation used at many facilities, and (2) the bone parameter was the steepest contrast parameter used at our hospital. Of the 32 patients, 24 (75%) had a couch angle of 0.5 mm or more in the translational direction or 0.5° or more in the rotational direction, and 10 (31%) had a couch angle of 1.0 mm or more in the translational direction or 1.0° or more in the rotational direction. Among the 131 cases of all couch angles, 46 (35%) cases had a translational direction of 0.5 mm or more or a rotational direction of 0.5° or more, and 15 (11%) had a translational direction of 1.0 mm or more or a rotational direction of 1.0° or more. The results of this study indicate the usefulness of using appropriate DRR parameters for each case, rather than using the default settings. The use of appropriate DRR parameters can lead to accurate position matching results, leading to fewer image-guided radiation therapy shots and a lower imaging dose

Chemical modification utilizing a terminal structure exposed on the specific surface of polymer-metal complex nanocrystals

It has been difficult to selectively modify the surface of molecular crystals by chemical reactions because they usually have no reaction points on their surfaces. In this paper, focusing on the unique nanocrystal surface of the polymer metal complex (PMC) [{Cu(2)(μ-Br)(2)(PPh(3))(2)}(μ-bpy)](n) having an exposed reactive terminal chain, we successfully modified the surface of PMC nanocrystals (NCs) through an alkylation reaction. Interestingly, after the alkylation reaction, the luminescence spectrum of PMC NCs blue-shifted, and the luminescence quantum yield increased. PMC NCs with a large specific surface area showed optically peculiar or characteristic properties compared with the corresponding bulk crystals. PMC NCs have high potential as a new class of luminescent materials due to their surface effect

Developmental Changes of Prefrontal Activation in Humans: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study of Preschool Children and Adults

Previous morphological studies indicated that development of the human prefrontal cortex (PFC) appears to continue into late adolescence. Although functional brain imaging studies have sought to determine the time course of functional development of the PFC, it is unclear whether the developmental change occurs after adolescence to adulthood and when it achieves a peak because of the narrow or discontinuous range in the participant's age. Moreover, previous functional studies have not focused on the anterior frontal region, that is, the frontopolar regions (BA9/10). Thus, the present study investigated the developmental change in frontopolar PFC activation associated with letter fluency task by using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), in subjects from preschool children to adults. We analyzed the relative concentration of hemoglobin (ΔHb) in the prefrontal cortex measured during the activation task in 48 typically-developing children and adolescents and 22 healthy adults. Consistent with prior morphological studies, we found developmental change with age in the children/adolescents. Moreover, the average Δoxy-Hb in adult males was significantly larger than that in child/adolescent males, but was not true for females. These data suggested that functional development of the PFC continues into late adolescence. Although the developmental change of the frontopolar PFC was independent of gender from childhood to adolescence, in adulthood a gender difference was shown