Discounting effects across depth cue conditions.

<p>The logarithm of luminance is plotted versus depth for each of the depth cue conditions, pictorial cues only (black solid square), pictorial cues and binocular disparity (red solid circle), pictorial cues and motion parallax (blue circle), pictorial cues, binocular disparity and motion parallax (green cross). The conditions of test surface luminance were merged here. The negative slopes indicate discounting of lightness. Luminance profile of the floor is superimposed. See text.</p

Stereo example of the scene.

<p>An example of the scene with pictorial cues and binocular disparity cues (for crossed fusion). The test patch is 6 meters from the back wall, 11.5 meters from the observer.</p

Prior for lightness perception.

<p><i>(A)</i> Possible gradients of illumination indexed by a parameter <i>s</i>. <i>(B)</i> Prior distribution on the light field.</p

Lambertian bidirectional reflectance density function.

<p>The light field recorded at a point in a forest scene. The environment map for this illustration was obtained from <a href="http://www.debevec.org/Probes" target="_blank">http://www.debevec.org/Probes</a>.</p

Depth cue effect analyzed by regression slope.

<p>The value of regression slope for each depth condition was plotted against test-patch luminance. Paired t-tests were conducted to test difference between conditions (* <i>p</i><.05, **<i>p</i><.01).</p

Test patch and comparison patch.

<p>The observer adjusted the luminance of the comparison patch until the perceived albedo of the patches was the same.</p

The rendered scene.

<p><i>(A).</i> Top view of the rendered scene. The test patch (violet) could be at any of seven depths. <i>(B).</i> A plot of the actual intensity of light incident on the test patch as a function of depth, and a top view of rendered room.</p

Discounting effects across depth cue conditions for test-surface luminance conditions.

<p>The logarithm of luminance for each surface-luminance condition (4, 8, 16 cd/m2) is plotted versus depth for each of the depth cue conditions like in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0003177#pone-0003177-g006" target="_blank">Figure 6</a>.</p

Two-stage model for material property perception

<p>The first stage (2D) makes use of pictorial cues including simple statistics such as image moments to estimate material properties including lightness. The second stage (3D) makes use of available depth cues to estimate scene layout and the light field and to further correct material property estimates based on the estimates of scene layout and light field. See text.</p

Depth Cue Effects without Pictorial Cues.

<p>Motion Parallax and Binocular Disparity. The effect of motion parallax alone, binocular disparity alone, and both motion parallax and binocularly disparity on luminance settings with the effect of pictorial cues subtracted.</p