Verbal Inflection, Feature Inheritance, and the Loss of Null Subjects in Middle English

Special Issue on Grammaticalization, Lexicalization and Cartography: A Diachronic Perspective on the Interfaces between Syntax and Morpholog

Delayed Merge and the Position of Not

否定辞notが時制要素toに先行する英語の不定詞節の語順は, Tが普遍的にNegP補部を従えるとする句構造理論に対して問題となる。本稿では,Hale and Keyser (2002)で提案された「遅延併合(delayed merge)」を採用し,この間題の解決を試みる。具体的には,不定詞節では,TとNegが併合された後でnotがNegの指定部としてTPに併合される。また,この一連の操作は,派生の経済性の観点から優先的に選択されると論じる

Case Study of Local Heavy Rainfall, Focusing on GPS Precipitable Water Vapor : Rainfall Event Observed in Tokyo on July 4, 2000

The present study examined the essential features of local heavy rainfalls observed in Tokyo on July 4, 2000. The following results were obtained: 1) The atmosphere was unstable while the Japanese islands were covered by the Pacific high. 2) The easterly surface winds converged with southerly winds (E-S-type wind system) in the central part of the urban area several hours before the precipitation occurred. 3) The cold air outflow associated with the precipitation system flowed into the convergence zone formed by the E-S wind system. Examining the spatial distribution of and temporal change in the precipitable water vapor (PWV) on theKanto plain shows that the PWV tends to increase before rainfall occurs both over the mountains and on the plain. However, it does not appear that the PWV increased in Tokyo due to the urban heat island circulation. Therefore, the urban heat island did not produce heavy rainfall by inducing a strong upwind and drawing in water vapor in this case

Interactive controller for audio object localization based on spatial representative vector operation

Abstract-In this paper, we propose a new interactive controller for audio object localization based on spatially representative vector operations on a stereo mixed source. First, we developed the interactive controller, which is equipped with a capacitive touchscreen panel so that the listener can intuitively operate audio objects displayed on the touchscreen panel with a touch pen. Next, we assessed the perceptual effects of localization and the sound quality of an audio object after performing individual operations to verify the operation of the interactive controller via a subjective evaluation. The results of the experiments clarify that the interactive controller enables the listener to change the gain and the localization of audio objects without sound degradation if the gain operation is not extreme

Mechanism of Precipitation Increase with Urbanization in Tokyo as Revealed by Ensemble Climate Simulations

This study examines how urbanization affects the precipitation climatology in Tokyo, Japan. A unique aspect of this study is that an ensemble, regional climatological simulation approach is used with sensitivity experiments to reduce uncertainty arising from nonlinearity in the precipitation simulations. Another aspect is that the robustness of the precipitation response is tested with “stress response” simulations with increasing urban forcing. The results show that urbanization causes a robust increase in the amount of precipitation in the Tokyo metropolitan area and a reduction in the inland areas. These anomalies are statistically significant at the 95% and 99% levels in some parts. There is no measureable change in the surrounding rural and ocean areas. These precipitation responses are attributed to an increase of surface sensible heat flux in Tokyo, which destabilizes the atmosphere and induces an anomalous surface low pressure pattern and the convergence of grid-scale horizontal moisture flux. The anomalous convergence of grid-scale horizontal moisture flux is a consequence of urbanization modifying the sea breeze

Blocking of tumor necrosis factor activity promotes natural repair of osteochondral defects in rabbit knee

Background and purpose Osteochondral defects have a limited capacity for repair. We therefore investigated the effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signal blockade by etanercept (human recombinant soluble TNF receptor) on the repair of osteochondral defects in rabbit knees

Dysregulation of Gene Expression in the Artificial Human Trisomy Cells of Chromosome 8 Associated with Transformed Cell Phenotypes

A change in chromosome number, known as aneuploidy, is a common characteristic of cancer. Aneuploidy disrupts gene expression in human cancer cells and immortalized human epithelial cells, but not in normal human cells. However, the relationship between aneuploidy and cancer remains unclear. To study the effects of aneuploidy in normal human cells, we generated artificial cells of human primary fibroblast having three chromosome 8 (trisomy 8 cells) by using microcell-mediated chromosome transfer technique. In addition to decreased proliferation, the trisomy 8 cells lost contact inhibition and reproliferated after exhibiting senescence-like characteristics that are typical of transformed cells. Furthermore, the trisomy 8 cells exhibited chromosome instability, and the overall gene expression profile based on microarray analyses was significantly different from that of diploid human primary fibroblasts. Our data suggest that aneuploidy, even a single chromosome gain, can be introduced into normal human cells and causes, in some cases, a partial cancer phenotype due to a disruption in overall gene expression

ラベルワークによる連携講座の意義と課題

大学が統合・法人化する前年と統合した年の2年間、両大学（統合後は両キャンパス）の公開講座において“連携講座”を企画・実施した。 “連携講座”は「豊かな食のあり方育て方」をテーマに5回シリーズで展開し、10名の教員が講師を務めた。今回はこの体験から、 “連携講座”の意義と課題についてラベルワークにより検討した。意義と課題のラベルを図解化した結果、私たちの目指す“連携講座”とは「教員が輝く学びの風土づくりと知の融合・創造によって、特徴にあふれた多彩で魅力的な講座を企画し、市民に活力を与える!」講座である。よりよい連携講座を展開するためには、 4つのカテゴリーで対策を講ずる必要がある