Occurrence of actinosporean stages of myxosporeans in an inflow brook of a salmon hatchery in the Mena River System, Hokkaido, Japan

Actinospore infection of oligochaetes living in the mud and on the roots of vegetation in an inflow brook of a Hokkaido salmon hatchery was studied within the framework of a Japanese-Hungarian research program. Two triactinomyxon types, 1 echinactinomyxon, and 1 neoactinomyxum type were isolated from the oligochaete Rhyacodrilus komarovi Timm, 1990 collected during the survey. The aurantiactinomyxons were recorded over a period of 3 mo starting from the day after oligochaete collection. The oligochaetes released actinospores for several weeks from the first day of the study. Spore excretion of individual oligochaetes was not synchronous. Of the oligochaetes examined, 0.7, 7,3 and 3%, were infected with the echinactinomyxon, neoactinomyxum and the 2 types of triactinomyxon spores, respectively. Actinospore infection was intense in the positive oligochaetes in all 4 types. Of the 4 actinospore types presented here, 3 are described for the first time

Dimensional Analysis and the Time Required to Urinate

According to the recently discovered 'Law of Urination', mammals, ranging in size from mice to elephants, take, on the average, 21s to urinate. We attempt to gain insights into the physical processes responsible for this uniformity using simple dimensional analysis. We assume that the biological apparatus for urination in mammals simply scales with linear size, and consider the scenarios where the driving force is gravity or elasticity, and where the response is dominated by inertia or viscosity. We ask how the time required for urination depends on the length scale, and find that for the time to be independent of body size, the dominant driving force must be elasticity, and the dominant response viscosity. Our note demonstrates that dimensional analysis can indeed readily give insights into complex physical and biological processes

Effects of Freestream Turbulence on Cavity Tone and Sound Source

To clarify the effects of freestream turbulence on cavity tones, flow and acoustic fields were directly predicted for cavity flows with various intensities of freestream turbulence. The freestream Mach number was 0.09 and the Reynolds number based on the cavity length was 4.0 × 104. The depth-to-length ratio of the cavity, D/L, was 0.5 and 2.5, where the acoustic resonance of a depth-mode occurs for D/L = 2.5. The incoming boundary layer was laminar. The results for the intensity of freestream turbulence of Tu = 2.3% revealed that the reduced level of cavity tones in a cavity flow with acoustic resonance (D/L=2.5) was greater than that without acoustic resonance (D/L=0.5). To clarify the reason for this, the sound source based on Lighthill’s acoustic analogy was computed, and the contributions of the intensity and spanwise coherence of the sound source to the reduction of the cavity tone were estimated. As a result, the effects of the reduction of spanwise coherence on the cavity tone were greater in the cavity flow with acoustic resonance than in that without resonance, while the effects of the intensity were comparable for both flows

Study of Personality Traits for University Students by Egogram Analysis

Background: Transactional analysis (TA) was developed by Berne and Dusey, and egogram analysis has been performed for long. It has 5 egos including Critical Parent (CP), Nurturing Parent (NP), Adult (A), Free Child (FC) and Adapted Child (AC) and has been utilized in Japan as Tokyo University Egogram (TEG). Authors have continued to educate university students concerning egogram for years. The lecture has been useful and significant for their psychological development in adolescence period. Protocol and Results: Enrolled subjects were 250 university students. They answered TEG questionnaire, calculated and discussed the personality trait. TEG has 29 typical personality pattern which is acceptable in Japan. We analyzed the results of 250 cases. There are six types with higher prevalence in the students than the standard value. They are a) dependent 10.0%, b) hot-tempered 13.2%, c) conflict 6.0%, d) good-hearted 6.8%, e) playboy 4.4%, f) pessimism 6.8%. Discussion and Conclusion: From the point of 5 egos, possible reason for higher ratio was speculated. Some trends were found including low A, CP> NP, AC> FC, in relation to current way of thinking in young generation. This result would become the basic data and would develop further research in this psychological field

Direct and Hybrid Aeroacoustic Simulations Around a Rectangular Cylinder

Aeroacoustic simulations are divided into hybrid and direct simulations. In this chapter, the effects of freestream Mach number on flow and acoustic fields around a two-dimensional square cylinder in a uniform flow are focused on using direct and hybrid simulations of flow and acoustic fields are performed. These results indicate the effectiveness and limit of the hybrid simulations. The Mach number M is varied from 0.2 to 0.6. The propagation angle of the acoustic waves for a high Mach number such as M = 0.6 greatly differs from that predicted by modified Curle’s equation, which assumes the scattered sound to be dominant and takes the Doppler effects into consideration. This is because the acoustic field is affected by the direct sound, which is generated by quadrupoles in the original Curle’s equation. To clarify the effects of the direct sound on the acoustic field, the scattered and direct sounds are decomposed. The results show that the direct sound is too intense to neglect for M ≥ 0.4. Moreover, acoustic simulations are performed using the Lighthill’s acoustic sources

Characteristic Egogram Pattern in University Students Using Tokyo University Egogram (TEG)

Recently, the importance of mental health has been emphasized, and clinical practice and research for egogram has been attracted attention. Tokyo University Egogram (TEG) has been a reliable and useful battery for psychological evaluation. Authors and colleagues have continued several reports of TEG so far. Egogram has 5 egos, which are Critical Parent (CP), Nurturing Parent (NP), Adult (A), Free Child (FC) and Adapted Child (AC). Each factor can be calculated by the points from 0 to 20. Subjects were 98 university students and the results were analyzed in comparison with previous standard data of TEG. The results were as follows: i) CP; the average value tended to be slightly lower, but the shape of the distribution was similar, ii) NP; it showed almost the same results as general people, iii) A; average value is similar, but the distribution was different, and no case was found with less than 5 points, iv) FC; average value was higher than general public, and distribution was deviated to high level, v) AC; mean value was higher compared with general people, and distribution was deviated to high level. Several characteristic points were found, which will be worthwhile to psychological development in the future

Psychological Application for New Version of Tokyo University Egogram Battery

Transactional Analysis (TA) has been a personality theory beneficial to mutual communication associated with the research of egogram. Tokyo University Egogram (TEG) has been a reliable psychological battery. TEG ver3 was recently introduced, which was applied to 98 university students. The results for 5 egogram factors were compared to previous standard values. Similar data were observed in Critical Parent(CP), Nurturing Parent(NP), and Adult(A). Higher tendency values (vs standard value) were found in male Free Child (FC) 12.3 vs 10.6, male Adapted Child (AC) 13.6 vs 10.0, and female AC 14.8 vs 10.8. Further study for TEG will be expected in the future