Visualization Techniques to Identify and Quantify Sources and Paths of Exterior Noise Radiated from Stationary and Nonstationary Vehicles

In recent years, Nearfield Acoustical Holography (NAH) has been used to identify stationary vehicle exterior noise sources. However that application has usually been limited to individual components. Since powertrain noise sources are hidden within the engine compartment, it is difficult to use NAH to identify those sources and the associated partial fields that combine to create the complete exterior noise field of a motor vehicle. Integrated Nearfield Acoustical Holography (INAH) has been developed to address these concerns: it is described here. The procedure entails sensing the sources inside the engine compartment by using an array of reference microphones, and then calculating the associated partial radiation fields by using NAH. In the second part of this paper, the use of farfield arrays is considered. Several array techniques have previously been applied to identify noise sources on moving vehicles. However use of those procedures has been restricted to the constant velocity case. Here, spherical beamforming was used to visualize sound radiation during a conventional vehicle passby test: i.e., during full throttle acceleration. First, forward and backward propagation procedures are compared. A spherical spreading correction factor is described, along with a maximum likelihood procedure for obtaining an optimal array weighting dependent on the relative distance between the microphones and the focus point. The de-Dopplerized microphone outputs are multiplied by weighting factors and summed to yield the source strengths over a reconstruction plane attached to the vehicle

Distribution and chromosomal diversity of Thai-medaka, Oryzias minutillus in Thailand

Article信州大学理学部附属諏訪臨湖実験所報告 9: 137-147(1995)departmental bulletin pape

Effect of repeated Waon therapy on exercise tolerance and pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pilot controlled clinical trial

Purpose: Controlled clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of repeated Waon therapy for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have yet to be conducted. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether repeated Waon therapy exhibits an adjuvant effect on conventional therapy for COPD patients. Patients and methods: This prospective trial comprised 20 consecutive COPD patients who satisfied the criteria of the Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines, stages 1–4. They were assigned to either a Waon or control group. The patients in the Waon group received both repeated Waon therapy and conventional therapy, including medications, such as long-acting inhaled β2 agonists, long-acting anticholinergics and xanthine derivatives, and pulmonary rehabilitation. The Waon therapy consisted of sitting in a 60°C sauna room for 15 minutes, followed by 30 minutes of being warmed with blankets once a day, 5 days a week, for a total of 20 times. The patients in the control group received only conventional therapy. Pulmonary function and the 6-minute walk test were assessed before and at 4 weeks after the program. Results: The change in vital capacity (0.30 ± 0.4 L) and in peak expiratory flow (0.48 ± 0.79 L/s) in the Waon group was larger than the change in the vital capacity (0.02 ± 0.21 L) (P=0.077) and peak expiratory flow (−0.11 ± 0.72 L/s) (P=0.095) in the control group. The change in forced expiratory flow after 50% of expired forced vital capacity in the Waon group, 0.08 (0.01–0.212 L/s), was larger than that in the control group, −0.01 (−0.075–0.04 L/s) (P=0.019). Significant differences were not observed in the change in any parameters in the 6-minute walk test. Data are presented as means ± standard deviation or median (25th–75th percentile). Conclusion: The addition of repeated Waon therapy to conventional therapy for COPD patients can possibly improve airway obstruction

Establishment and characterization of a cell line, KaMi, from human lung large cell carcinoma.

A cell line of human lung large cell carcinoma (LCC) was established directly from the metastatic skin tumor tissue. The clinical course of the patient who carried this carcinoma was peculiar; generalized lymphadenopathy, histologically resembling Hodgkin's disease, was found as the first clinical symptom. The lung tumor was not discovered until the time of autopsy. This cell line (KaMi) grew adherent to culture vessels with the population doubling time of 20.6h, formed colonies in soft agars with efficiency of 22.6%, and formed tumors in athymic nude mice. The authenticity of KaMi was confirmed by chromosomal analysis and isoenzyme patterns. KaMi cells bore a strong resemblance to the original tumor cells which were composed of small spindle cells, large polygonal cells, and multinucleated giant cells. Immunohistochemically, KaMi cells showed a weak tendency to differentiate to squamous cells, and these immunohistochemical reactivities were almost compatible to those of the original tumor cells, but ultrastructurally, KaMi cells were more immature than the original ones. Treatment with several reagents could not augment a differentiation of KaMi cells. Cytokeratin profiles showed a tendency of squamous cell differentiation. KaMi cells may aid in elucidating the pathogenesis and biology of LCC and its relationship to other lung tumors. </p

Intergenerational comparison of total and regional bone mineral density and soft tissue composition in Japanese women without vertebral fractures

We measured total and regional bone mineral density (BMD) and soft tissue mass in 115 healthy Japanese women without vertebral fractures. The subjects, aged 20 to 75 years, were divided into four age groups : 20’s to 40’s group (n=33), 50’s group (n=26), 60’s group (n=26), and 70’s group (n=30). BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).The evaluated regions were the head, arms, legs, ribs, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae and pelvis. The total and regional BMDs were the highest in the 20’s to 40’s group, and they decreased with age, and reached their respective lowest values in the 70’s group. The decrease in BMDs of the spine and pelvis was the most prominent of all regional BMDs. Total and regional lean mass and fat mass were the highest in the20’s to 40’s group, and they decreased to their respective lowest values in the 70’s group. The results showed that the decrease in BMD of the spine and pelvis was the most prominent of all regional BMDs associated with a decrease in the total and regional lean mass and total and regional fat mass

Effects of unilateral sciatic neurectomy on growing rat femur as assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and bending test

We studied the effects of unilateral sciatic neurectomy (USN) on the development of the femoral shaft in the 30 growing Wistar-derived rats aged 5 weeks. Rats were allocated to three groups. One of these was immediately used for measurements, and the remaining 2 groups underwent USN of internal control. Specimens obtained from each group were divided into 2 subgroups : left femurs of each group served as the control subgroup (CONT) and right femurs from each group as the USN-operated subgroup (USN-OP). The bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), bone area, periosteal circumference and endosteal circumference were measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and the mineral /matrix ratio was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A three-point bending test was performed to analyze the biomechanical effects of sciatic neurectomy. USN-OP showed a significant decrease in cortical BMC, bone area, and periosteal circumference compared with CONT. The mineral /matrix ratio of cortical bone did not differ significantly between USN-OP and CONT. Strength and stiffness were significantly decreased in USN-OP compared with CONT. The results showed that USN inhibited periosteal bone formation, but has no significant effects on the mineral /matrix ratio of cortical bone in femurs

慢性閉塞性肺疾患患者における温泉療法の６分間歩行に対する効果

Our previous studies have shown that subjective symptoms and ventilatory function are improved by spa therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the present study, we investigated the effects of spa therapy on six-minute walk distance in patients with COPD . Subjects were 10 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (9 males and 1 female) admitted to our hospital to undergo pulmonary rehabilitation. All patients had complex spa therapy (swimming training in a hot spring pool, inhalation of iodine salt solution, and fango therapy) for 4 weeks. Ventilatory function, six-minute walk distance, oxygen saturation and Borg scale were measured. Vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, sixminute walk distance and oxygen saturation increased, but not significantly. Significant decreases were observed for Borg scale. We found that spa therapy improved ventilatory dysfunction and six-minute walk distance in patients with COPD. The results demonstrated that spa therapy may lead to better disease control and exercise tolerance in patients with COPD.我々は温泉療法が慢性閉塞性肺疾患患者に対して, 呼吸機能改善効果を有することを報告してきた｡今回我々は慢性閉塞性肺疾患患者を対象に温泉療法の６分間歩行試験に及ぼす影響について検討した｡当院入院中の慢性閉塞性肺疾患患者10例(男性９例, 女性１例) を対象として, 温泉プール水中運動, 鉱泥湿布療法, ヨードゾル吸入療法等による複合温泉療法を4週間施行し, その間の呼吸機能, ６分間歩行試験における歩行距離, 動脈血酸素飽和度, 修正Borgスケールの変化を比較検討した｡呼吸機能検査では, 肺活量, １秒量 等の改善傾向が認められた｡６分間歩行距離, 動脈血酸素飽和度は上昇傾向にあった｡修正Borgスケールは有意に低下傾向した｡温泉療法により呼吸機能の改善が得られ, これにより動脈血酸素 飽和度及び６分間歩行距離が上昇したと考えられた｡温泉療法が慢性閉塞性肺疾患の治療に有用であることが示唆された

Glycemic Control and Insulin Improve Muscle Mass and Gait Speed in Type 2 Diabetes: The MUSCLES-DM Study

Ken Sugimoto, Hiroshi Ikegami, Yasunori Takata, Tomohiro Katsuya, Masahiro Fukuda, Hiroshi Akasaka, Yasuharu Tabara, Haruhiko Osawa, Yoshihisa Hiromine, Hiromi Rakugi, Glycemic Control and Insulin Improve Muscle Mass and Gait Speed in Type 2 Diabetes: The MUSCLES-DM Study, Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2020.11.003

Localization of Reversion-Induced LIM Protein (RIL) in the Rat Central Nervous System

Reversion-induced LIM protein (RIL) is a member of the ALP (actinin-associated LIM protein) subfamily of the PDZ/LIM protein family. RIL serves as an adaptor protein and seems to regulate cytoskeletons. Immunoblotting suggested that RIL is concentrated in the astrocytes in the central nervous system. We then examined the expression and localization of RIL in the rat central nervous system and compared it with that of water channel aquaporin 4 (AQP4). RIL was concentrated in the cells of ependyma lining the ventricles in the brain and the central canal in the spinal cord. In most parts of the central nervous system, RIL was expressed in the astrocytes that expressed AQP4. Double-labeling studies showed that RIL was concentrated in the cytoplasm of astrocytes where glial fibrillary acidic protein was enriched as well as in the AQP4-enriched regions such as the endfeet or glia limitans. RIL was also present in some neurons such as Purkinje cells in the cerebellum and some neurons in the brain stem. Differential expression of RIL suggests that it may be involved in the regulation of the central nervous system