The Mechanism of Water Cycle System in Lake Inba-Numa Watershed:A Comparative Study of Runoff Mechanisms of Small Watersheds

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Development of Plasma Vitellogenin Assay for Estrogenic Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals Using Ovariectomized Goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Plasma vitellogenin (VTG) assay was developed using ovariectomized goldfish (Carassius auratus) for determining the estrogenic effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. In a laboratory study, we assessed the estrogenic activity of commercial fish diets by using a diet for ornamental carp (CD) and a casein-based formulated fish diet (FD), which was shown to not contain soybean or fish meal in a previous study. In ovariectomized fish, plasma VTG concentrations were significantly higher in the CD-fed group than in the FD-fed group. These results indicate that the estrogen activity of CD may be high enough to cause induction of plasma VTG in ovariectomized goldfish as previously observed in male goldfish. Moreover, the effect of estrogen on plasma VTG induction was confirmed by significant plasma VTG production following the exposure of FD-fed ovariectomized goldfish to a nominal estradiol-17β concentration of 100 μg/l for 31 days. Our data suggest that induction of plasma VTG using ovariectomized goldfish is a good tool for evaluating the estrogenic effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals

腹膜透析患者におけるCD4陽性ヘルパーT細胞(Th1/Th2)バランス

Uremic patients have an impaired immune response that accounts for their susceptibility to infections and resistance to vaccination. Various antigenic stimuli drive T-helper (Th) lymphocytes to differentiate to Th1 or Th2 cells. We investigated the Th subsets in 17 patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) using a newly developed immunofluorescence staining method for detecting intracellular cytokines using flow cytometric analysis. The Th subsets were simultaneously measured in 15 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and 29 healthy controls. Serum interleukin (IL)-10 levels were determined using a commercial enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay. The percentage of CD4^+ T cells producing Th1 cytokine (interferon-γ) and Th2 cytokine (IL-4) in the CRF patients was significantly higher than that of the controls. The proportion of Th1 cells did not differ between the CAPD patients and the controls. Unlike Th1 cells, a significantly higher proportion of CD4^+ T cells in the CAPD patients exhibited a Th2-type cytokine secretion pattern, than that of the controls. Serum IL-10 levels in the CAPD patients were also significantly higher than those in the controls. The percentage of Th2 cells and the ultrafiltration volume were negatively correlated. A positive correlation between the percentage of Th2 cells and serum IL-10 levels was observed. These findings suggest that anti-inflammatory activity caused by IL-4 and IL-10 may be associated with the ultrafiltration ability of CAPD patients

5/6腎摘ラットモデルによる腎髄質内での有機浸透圧物質の変化

腎髄質細胞は生体内において最も多様な浸透圧環境にさらされている.この多様な浸透圧環境に対応するため,調整物質として有機浸透圧物質が存在する.今回我々は尿濃縮力の低下している5/6腎摘ラットを用いて,腎機能低下時での有機浸透圧物質の役割につき検討した.コントロール, 5/6腎摘モデルにはWistar ratを用い3週間飼育後イヌリンクリアランスを施行した.その後腎髄質内の有機浸透圧物質をHPLCで測定した.尿浸透圧は1,302±204mOsm/kg H_2Oより918±88mOsm/kg H_2Oまで低下し,さらにfurosemideを負荷すると313±13mOsm/kg H_2Oまで低下した.有機浸透圧物質は5/6腎摘モデルではsorbitolが検出されず,尿濃縮機構の一端を担っていると考えられた.急速利尿をかけた状態ではその他の有機浸透圧物質の組成は保たれていた.以上より腎機能低下時でも尿の濃縮力は存在し,その調節に有機浸透圧物質が関与していることが示された.The aim of this study is to clarify the role of organic osmolytes in cellular osmoregulation in the renal medulla under conditions of limited urinary concentrative capability induced by renal mass reduction in 18 Wistar rats. The animals were examined three weeks after ablation of 5/6 of the kidney mass. Renal function was measured by inulin clearance and organic osmolytes by HPLC. Urine osmolality in the renal mass reduction model decreased from 917±214.3mOsm/kg H_2O in the control phase to 313.6±13.4mOsm/kg H_20 after furosemide infusion (p<0.05). Despite extremely low levels of sorbitol in the renal medulla of the ablated rats in the control phase, other major organic osmolytes e.g., myo-inositol, glycerophosphorylcholine, betaine, acted as the osmoregulator in the renal medulla under limited urinary concentrative capability. All these osmolytes except sorbitol remained in the renal medulla following treatment of acute diuresis after renal mass reduction. These data suggest that even a mild reduction of urinary concentrative capability induces changes in osmoregulator composition, and is probably necessary for the accumulation and release of organic osmolytes to control the cellular osmoregulation in a different manner

腹膜透析患者におけるCD4陽性ヘルパーT細胞(Th1/Th2)バランス

Uremic patients have an impaired immune response that accounts for their susceptibility to infections and resistance to vaccination. Various antigenic stimuli drive T-helper (Th) lymphocytes to differentiate to Th1 or Th2 cells. We investigated the Th subsets in 17 patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) using a newly developed immunofluorescence staining method for detecting intracellular cytokines using flow cytometric analysis. The Th subsets were simultaneously measured in 15 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and 29 healthy controls. Serum interleukin (IL)-10 levels were determined using a commercial enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay. The percentage of CD4^+ T cells producing Th1 cytokine (interferon-γ) and Th2 cytokine (IL-4) in the CRF patients was significantly higher than that of the controls. The proportion of Th1 cells did not differ between the CAPD patients and the controls. Unlike Th1 cells, a significantly higher proportion of CD4^+ T cells in the CAPD patients exhibited a Th2-type cytokine secretion pattern, than that of the controls. Serum IL-10 levels in the CAPD patients were also significantly higher than those in the controls. The percentage of Th2 cells and the ultrafiltration volume were negatively correlated. A positive correlation between the percentage of Th2 cells and serum IL-10 levels was observed. These findings suggest that anti-inflammatory activity caused by IL-4 and IL-10 may be associated with the ultrafiltration ability of CAPD patients