Single Transverse-Spin Asymmetry in Large PTP_T Open Charm Production at an Electron-Ion Collider

We discuss the single transverse-spin asymmetry (SSA) to be observed in the $D$-meson production with large transverse-momentum in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering, $e p^\uparrow \rightarrow e D X$. This contribution is embodied as a twist-3 mechanism in the collinear factorization, which is induced by purely gluonic correlation inside the transversely-polarized nucleon, in particular, by the three-gluon correlation effects. The complete formula for the corresponding SSA in the leading-order QCD is expressed in terms of the four independent gluonic correlation functions and reveals the five independent structures with respect to the dependence on the azimuthal angle for the produced $D$-meson. We present the numerical calculations of the SSA formula at the kinematics relevant to a future Electron Ion Collider.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figure

Comprehensive analysis of the regulatory roles of auxin in early transdifferentiation into xylem cells

Auxin is essential for the formation of the vascular system. We previously reported that a polar auxin transport inhibitor, 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) decreased intracellular auxin levels and prevented tracheary element (TE) differentiation from isolated Zinnia mesophyll cells, but that additional auxin, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) overcame this inhibition. To understand the role of auxin in gene regulation during TE differentiation, we performed microarray analysis of genes expressed in NPA-treated cells and NPA-NAA-treated cells. The systematic gene expression analysis revealed that NAA promoted the expression of genes related to auxin signaling and transcription factors that are known to be key regulators of differentiation of procambial and xylem precursor cells. NAA also promoted the expression of genes related to biosynthesis and metabolism of other plant hormones, such as cytokinin, gibberellin and brassinosteroid. Interestingly, detailed analysis showed that NAA rapidly induces the expression of auxin carrier gene homologues. It suggested a positive feedback loop for auxin-regulating vascular differentiation. Based on these results, we discuss the auxin function in early processes of transdifferentiation into TE

High-resolution sequence stratigraphy in an incised-valley system on the basis of sedimentary organic matter, sulfur content and fossil diatom: An example from Miocene to Pliocene Tatsunokuchi Formation, Iwate Prefecture, Northeast Japan

This paper discusses relationship among depositional environments, origin of the sedimentary organic matter and diatom fossil assemblage, combined with sequence stratigraphy in an incised-valley system. Interpretation of the environments and their changes was based on sedimentary facies, total sulfur (TS) content, and diatom assemblages. The quantity and composition of organic matter were estimated for the environmental interpretation on the basis of the total organic carbon (TOC) content, reflected-light fluorescent microscopy, and stable carbon isotope ratios of the organic matter (δ13Corg). The Miocene to Pliocene Ishibane, Tatsunokuchi and Motohata formations in northeast Japan consist of estuarine and fluvial deposits that were formed during a rise and fall of sea level. The proportions of vitrinite and cutinite that are coarse-grained and terrestrial in origin are relatively high in fluvial deposits of the lowstand systems tract. The proportion of marine alginite, TOC content, and δ13Corg values increase upward in estuary deposits of the transgressive systems tract. This implies the increase in the influence of the sea and the estuarine bottom conditions becoming anoxic. The proportions of vitrinite and cutinite increase upward in the highstand systems tract, whereas the δ13Corg values and TOC content decrease upward. These reflect the strong influence of river discharge. Variations of diatom fossil assemblage of fresh water, brackish water, intertidal, coastal marine and open marine species indicate the same repetitions of transgression and regression in the Tatsunokuchi Formation. Therefore, the transgressive systems tract in the Tatsunokuchi Formation includes four cycles of transgression and regression, while highstand systems tract shows one cycle of transgression and regression. / 岩手県南部の北上市に分布する中新統～鮮新統の石羽根，竜の口，本畑層は，エスチュアリーと河川環境での堆積を示している．また，1回の海水準上昇と引き続く低下で堆積した地層で，低海水準期堆積体，海進期堆積体，高海水準期堆積体に区分できる．その周期は約100万年と推定できる．河川成堆積物からなる低海水準期堆積体では陸源有機物片を多く含み，有機物は低い安定炭素同位体比（δ13Corg）を示す．引き続くエスチュアリー環境を示す海進期堆積体では，上方に向かって，海棲有機物が増え，δ13Corgの値が大きくなり，さらに全有機炭素量も増加する傾向にある．海進初期ではこれらは，小さな増減を4回繰り返しているが，やがて最大海進面に向かって安定して増加するようになる．最大海進面より上位の高海水準期堆積体では陸源有機物量が増大し，δ13Corgと全有機炭素量は減少し，陸域からの物質供給が増加したことが示される．珪藻化石の淡水種，汽水種，潮間帯種，沿岸性種，外洋種の比率変化も同一の海進海退の繰り返しを竜の口層中に記録している．したがって，竜の口層の海進期堆積体は短周期の4回の海進海退と引き続く海進から構成され，一方，高海水準期堆積体は1回の海退を示す．これらは数10万年周期の海水準変動に対応するかもしれない．ArticleJournal of the Sedimentological Society of Japan. 70(2):63-69 (2011)journal articl

On the contribution of twist-3 multi-gluon correlation functions to single transverse-spin asymmetry in SIDIS

We study the single spin asymmetry (SSA) induced by purely gluonic correlation inside a nucleon, in particular, by the three-gluon correlation functions in the transversely polarized nucleon, $p^\uparrow$. This contribution is embodied as a twist-3 mechanism in the collinear factorization framework and controls the SSA to be observed in the $D$-meson production with large transverse-momentum in semi-inclusive DIS (SIDIS), $ep^\uparrow \rightarrow eDX$. We define the relevant three-gluon correlation functions in the nucleon, and determine their complete set at the twsit-3 level taking into account symmetry constraints in QCD. We derive the single-spin-dependent cross section for the $D$-meson production in SIDIS, taking into account all the relevant contributions at the twist-3 level. The result is obtained in a manifestly gauge-invariant form as the factorization formula in terms of the three-gluon correlation functions and reveals the five independent structures with respect to the dependence on the azimuthal angle for the produced $D$ meson. We also demonstrate the remarkable relation between the twist-3 single-spin-dependent cross section and twist-2 cross sections for the $D$-meson production, as a manifestation of universal structure behind the SSA in a variety of hard processes.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures. To appear in the proceedings of the 19th International Spin Physics Symposium (SPIN2010), Juelich, Germany, Sept.27 - Oct.2, 201

Contribution of Twist-3 Multi-Gluon Correlation Functions to Single Spin Asymmetry in Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering

As a possible source of the single transverse spin asymmetry, we study the contribution from purely gluonic correlation represented by the twist-3 ``three-gluon correlation" functions in the transversely polarized nucleon. We first define a complete set of the relevant three-gluon correlation functions, and then derive its contribution to the twist-3 single-spin-dependent cross section for the $D$-meson production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering, which is relevant to determine the three-gluon correlations. Our cross-section formula differs from the corresponding result in the literature, and the origin of the discrepancy is clarified.Comment: 29 pages, 3 figures minor corrections; version to appear in Phys. Rev.

Anxiolytic Effect of Aromatherapy Massage in Patients with Breast Cancer

We examined how aromatherapy massage influenced psychologic and immunologic parameters in 12 breast cancer patients in an open semi-comparative trial. We compared the results 1 month before aromatherapy massage as a waiting control period with those during aromatherapy massage treatment and 1 month after the completion of aromatherapy sessions. The patients received a 30 min aromatherapy massage twice a week for 4 weeks (eight times in total). The results showed that anxiety was reduced in one 30 min aromatherapy massage in State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) test and also reduced in eight sequential aromatherapy massage sessions in the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) test. Our results further suggested that aromatherapy massage ameliorated the immunologic state. Further investigations are required to confirm the anxiolytic effect of aromatherapy in breast cancer patients