マザーテレサ ノ コジン シ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ マザーテレサ セイタン ノ チ スコピエ ノレキシ ハイケイ オヨビ マザーテレサ ノ カゾク カンケイ カラノ コウサツ

本論は、マザーテレサの出生から渡印までの18年間の生育環境がインドでのマザーテレサの行動に、どのような影響を与えていたかを考察している。特に異教の地インドにおいてカトリック以外の宗教に対して「寛容」であり、且つ異文化を「受容」して地域に根ざした福祉活動を展開していた等のマザーテレサの特性が培われた背景を、彼女が生まれインドに来るまでの18年間を過ごしたスコピエの歴史、文化、民族、宗教及びマザーテレサの自身の家庭環境などから分析を試みた。n this thesis I deal with the life of Mother Teresa that began in the city of Skopje in Macedonia where she was born, and where as Gonxha Bojaxhiu she spent her childhood and her youth. Apart from the historical background of the region I have also explored the personal elements in her character, particularly those that were influenced by her family

Stat2 loss disrupts damage signalling and is protective in acute pancreatitis

The severity of sterile inflammation, as seen in acute pancreatitis, is determined by damage-sensing receptors, signalling cascades and cytokine production. Stat2 is a type I interferon signalling mediator that also has interferon-independent roles in murine lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-κB-mediated sepsis. However, its role in sterile inflammation is unknown. We hypothesised that Stat2 determines the severity of non-infective inflammation in the pancreas. Wild type (WT) and Stat2-/- mice were injected intraperitoneally with caerulein or L-arginine. Specific cytokine-blocking antibodies were used in some experiments. Pancreata and blood were harvested 1 h and 24 h after the final dose of caerulein and up to 96 h post L-arginine. Whole-tissue phosphoproteomic changes were assessed using label-free mass spectrometry. Tissue-specific Stat2 effects were studied in WT/Stat2-/- bone-marrow chimera and using Cre-lox recombination to delete Stat2 in pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1(Pdx1)-expressing cells. Stat2-/- mice were protected from caerulein- and L-arginine-induced pancreatitis. Protection was independent of type I interferon signalling. Stat2-/- mice had lower cytokine levels including TNFα and IL-10 and reduced NF-kB nuclear localisation in pancreatic tissue compared to WT. Inhibition of TNFα improved (inhibition of IL-10 worsened) caerulein-induced pancreatitis in WT but not Stat2-/- mice. Phosphoproteomics showed down-regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) mediators but accumulation of Ser412-phosphorylated Tak1. Stat2 deletion in Pdx1-expressing acinar cells (Stat2flox/Pdx1-cre ) reduced pancreatic TNFα expression, but not histological injury or serum amylase. WT/Stat2-/- bone-marrow chimera mice were protected from pancreatitis irrespective of host or recipient genotype. Stat2 loss results in disrupted signalling in pancreatitis, upstream of NF-κB in non-acinar and/or bone marrow derived cells. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Five-point Likert scaling on MRI predicts clinically significant prostate carcinoma

Background: To clarify the relationship between the probability of prostate cancer scaled using a 5-point Likert system and the biological characteristics of corresponding tumor foci. Methods: The present study involved 44 patients undergoing 3.0-Tesla multiparametric MRI before laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Tracing based on pathological and MRI findings was performed. The relationship between the probability of cancer scaled using the 5-point Likert system and the biological characteristics of corresponding tumor foci was evaluated. Results: A total of 102 tumor foci were identified histologically from the 44 specimens. Of the 102 tumors, 55 were assigned a score based on MRI findings (score 1: n = 3; score 2: n = 3; score 3: n = 16; score 4: n = 11 score 5: n = 22), while 47 were not pointed out on MRI. The tracing study revealed that the proportion of >0.5 cm3 tumors increased according to the upgrade of Likert scores (score 1 or 2: 33 %; score 3: 68.8 %; score 4 or 5: 90.9 %, χ2 test, p 7 also increased from scale 2 to scale 5 (scale 2: 0 %; scale 3: 56.3 %; scale 4: 72.7 %; 5: 90.9 %, χ2 test, p = 0.0001). On using score 3 or higher as the threshold of cancer detection on MRI, the detection rate markedly improved if the tumor volume exceeded 0.5 cm3 (<0.2 cm3: 10.3 %; 0.2-0.5 cm3: 25 %; 0.5-1.0 cm3: 66.7 %; 1.0 < cm3: 92.1 %). Conclusions: Each Likert scale favobably reflected the corresponding tumor’s volume and Gleason score. Our observations show that “score 3 or higher” could be a useful threshold to predict clinically significant carcinoma when considering treatment options

Isolated gestational proteinuria preceding the diagnosis of preeclampsia : an observational study

Introduction. Some pregnant women develop significant proteinuria in the absence of hypertension. However, clinical significance of isolated gestational proteinuria (IGP) is not well understood. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of IGP in singleton pregnancies and the proportion of women with IGP who subsequently developed preeclampsia (IGP-PE) among all PE cases. Material and methods. This was an observational study of 6819 women with singleton pregnancies at 12 centers, including 938 women with at least once determination of protein-to-creatinine ratio (P/Cr). Significant proteinuria in pregnancy (SPIP) was defined as P/Cr (mg/mg) level >0.27. IGP was defined as SPIP in the absence of hypertension. Gestational hypertension (GH) preceding preeclampsia (GH-PE) was defined as preeclampsia (PE) in which GH preceded SPIP. Simultaneous PE (S-PE) was defined as PE in which both SPIP and hypertension occurred simultaneously. Results. IGP and PE were diagnosed in 130 (1.9%) and 158 (2.3%) of 6819 women, respectively. Of 130 women with IGP, 32 (25%) progressed to PE and accounted for 20% of all women with PE. Hence, women with IGP had a relative risk of 13.1 (95% CI; 9.2-18.5) for developing PE compared with those without IGP [25% (32/130) vs. 1.9% (126/6689)]. At diagnosis of SPIP, P/Cr levels already exceeded 1.0 more often in women with S-PE than in those with IGP-PE [67% (33/49) vs. 44% (14/32), respectively, p = 0.031]. Conclusions. IGP is a risk factor for PE, and IGP-PE accounts for a considerable proportion (20%) of all PE

Evaluation of formalin-fixed and FFPE tissues for spatially resolved metabolomics and drug distribution studies

Fixation of samples is broadly used prior to the histological evaluation of tissue samples. Though recent reports demonstrated the ability to use fixed tissues for mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) based proteomics, glycomics and tumor classification studies, to date comprehensive evaluation of fixation-related effects for spatially resolved metabolomics and drug disposition studies is still missing. In this study we used matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) MSI to investigate the effect of formalin-fixation and formalin-fixation combined with paraffin embedding on the detectable metabolome including xenobiotics. Formalin fixation was found to cause significant washout of polar molecular species, including inorganic salts, amino acids, organic acids and carnitine species, oxidation of endogenous lipids and formation of reaction products between lipids and fixative ingredients. The slow fixation kinetics under ambient conditions resulted in increased lipid hydrolysis in the tissue core, correlating with the time-dependent progression of the fixation. Paraffin embedding resulted in subsequent partial removal of structural lipids resulting in the distortion of the elucidated biodistributions

2-Methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-polymer suppresses an increase of oral bacteria: a single-blind, crossover clinical trial

Objectives The biocompatible 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-polymers, which mimic a biomembrane, reduce protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion and inhibit cell attachment. The aim of this study is to clarify whether MPC-polymer can suppress the bacterial adherence in oral cavity by a crossover design. We also investigated the number of Fusobacterium nucleatum, which is the key bacterium forming dental plaque, in clinical samples. Materials and methods This study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind, crossover study, with two treatment periods separated by a 2-week washout period. We conducted clinical trial with 20 healthy subjects to evaluate the effect of 5% MPC-polymer mouthwash after 5 h on oral microflora. PBS was used as a control. The bacterial number in the gargling sample before and after intervention was counted by an electronic bacterial counter and a culture method. DNA amounts of total bacteria and F. nucleatum were examined by q-PCR. Results The numbers of total bacteria and oral streptcocci after 5 h of 5% MPC-polymer treatment significantly decreased, compared to the control group. Moreover, the DNA amounts of total bacteria and F. nucleatum significantly decreased by 5% MPC-polymer mouthwash. Conclusions We suggest that MPC-polymer coating in the oral cavity may suppress the oral bacterial adherence. Clinical relevance MPC-polymer can be a potent compound for the control of oral microflora to prevent oral infection