Development of the salt-reduction and efficacy-maintenance program in Indonesia

We conducted a randomized, controlled trial to examine the effects of a salt-reduction and efficacy-maintenance program on the improvement and maintenance of self-care and self-efficacy in reducing the salt intake of older people with high blood pressure. A total of 51 participants with hypertension/prehypertension in Indonesia were randomly assigned to a control group or one of two intervention groups: salt-reduction training or salt-reduction and efficacy-maintenance. The salt-reduction and efficacy-maintenance group received educational training and a maintenance meeting; the participants\u27 knowledge, attitudes, self-care practices, and self-efficacy significantly improved after training and were maintained after the maintenance meeting. Participants in the salt-reduction training group showed significant effects for the same variables; however, their food salt concentrations rebounded after the maintenance meeting. No significant improvement was found in the control group. The salt-reduction and efficacy-maintenance group participants reported positive effects of salt reduction and different practices based on who prepared their meals. The salt-reduction and efficacy-maintenance group program was effective in improving and maintaining knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy of salt-reduction practices and could be applied with community-dwelling older people with high blood pressure. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.Embargor Period 12 month

開発モデルにおける糖尿病高齢患者の家族介護者の介護負担要因の検討

The present study aimed to examine the factors contributing to burden among family caregivers of older adults with diabetes mellitus (DM), with regard to the characteristics of older adults as well as those of caregivers, caregiving self-efficacy and caregiver behavior toward diabetes support and social supports based on a conceptual development model. In total, １5１ family caregivers who were children or spouses responded (9３.8%). In this cross-sectional study, primary family caregivers were personally interviewed using a set of anonymous structured questionnaires for data collection from one hospital in Northern Vietnam. We examined the factors contributing to caregiver burden via linear regression analysis and pathway analysis. Most family caregivers were under 60 years old (66.9%) and female (７４.２%). Linear regression analysis indicated that family caregivers with chronic illness status (β = .２0), the number of hours of caring for older adults (β = .１5), self-efficacy (β =－.１6), and caregiver behavior toward DM care support (β =－.３9) were all significant factors contributing to caregiver burden (F = １0.３95, p < .00１, AdjR２ = .４１). Pathway analysis showed that chronic illness status was a significant direct predictor of caregiver burden, whereas the number of hours of caring for older adults both directly and indirectly predicted caregiver burden via mediators including self-efficacy and caregiver behavior toward DM care support (χ２ = １.0２１, df=１, p = .３１２, CFI = １.000, GFI = .99７, SRMR =.000, and RMSEA = .000). The characteristics of caregivers and their responsibility for older adults should be considered to decrease the burden of caregivers. Nursing intervention, social support, increased self-care and the acquisition of caregiving knowledge and skills might help in reducing family caregiver burden

食物アレルギーの観点から自閉傾向の新指標と予防法を開発する

金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系申請者らは、自閉症傾向には、アレルギー症・栄養摂取状態・生活習慣が密接に関連しているとの仮説のもと、研究を進めてきた。研究の結果、3-6歳児において自閉症傾向とアトピー性皮膚炎との間に関連があること、小学校低学年児において、栄養不足が自閉症傾向の有無と関連することが示された。本研究の成果を生かし、自閉症傾向をより早期かつ確実に発見するための指標の開発につなげていく。We proceeded the study based on the hypothesized that there is relation among autism Spectrum features, allergic symptoms, nutritional intake, and lifestyle. As the result, it was indicated that autism spectrum features are associated with higher prevalence of eczema symptoms in the children aged 3 to 6 years. In addition, we found out the relation between autism spectrum features and the malnutrition in the children of lower grades of primary school. Based on the results, we will develop the new screening tool for early and reliable detection of autism spectrum features.研究課題/領域番号:15K08729, 研究期間(年度):2015-04-01 - 2018-03-3

Development of the salt-reduction and efficacy-maintenance program in Indonesia

We conducted a randomized, controlled trial to examine the effects of a salt-reduction and efficacy-maintenance\ud program on the improvement and maintenance of self-care and self-efficacy in reducing the salt intake of older\ud people with high blood pressure. A total of 51 participants with hypertension/prehypertension in Indonesia were\ud randomly assigned to a control group or one of two intervention groups: salt-reduction training or salt-reduction\ud and efficacy-maintenance. The salt-reduction and efficacy-maintenance group received educational training and a\ud maintenance meeting; the participants??? knowledge, attitudes, self-care practices, and self-efficacy significantly improved\ud after training and were maintained after the maintenance meeting. Participants in the salt-reduction training\ud group showed significant effects for the same variables; however, their food salt concentrations rebounded\ud after the maintenance meeting. No significant improvement was found in the control group. The salt-reduction\ud and efficacy-maintenance group participants reported positive effects of salt reduction and different practices\ud based on who prepared their meals. The salt-reduction and efficacy-maintenance group program was effective\ud in improving and maintaining knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy of salt-reduction practices and could be applied\ud with community-dwelling older people with high blood pressure

Elevated Levels of Serum IL-17A in Community-Dwelling Women with Higher Depressive Symptoms

Recent studies indicate that patients with depression have increased concentrations of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, studies of IL-17 and studies on community-dwellers are few. The purpose of this study was to investigate serum cytokine levels, especially IL-17A, among subjects with high and low depressive symptoms of a general population. The participants comprised 20 female community-dwellers aged 40 years or older who contributed to a Shika study in Ishikawa, Japan. Ten participants who showed higher and ten who showed lower depressive symptoms among 208 females assessed by the Japanese version of the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were selected for this study. Serum samples were analyzed for TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-17A using a multiplex Luminex analysis. For the comparison between the high and low depressive groups statistically, linear regression analyses were applied. The serum level of IL-17A was significantly higher among the high depressive participants (p &lt; 0.05) even after controlling possible confounders, whereas there were no differences in TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10, or IL-12 between the high and low depressive groups. Our findings supported an association between serum IL-17A levels and depressive symptoms. Peripheral IL-17A immune response may be a preventive and treatment target for depression

Residents living in communities with higher civic participation report higher self-rated health.

It has been shown that community-level social capital may affect residents' health. The present mixed ecological study assesses the evidence for an association between the community-level social capital and the individual level of self-rated health. The Hakui City Health Interview Survey targeted 15,242 people aged 40 years and older from 11 communities. Among them, 6578 residents responded to the questionnaire (response rate, 43.2%). We examined whether the community-level social capital (general trust, norm, and civic participation) was associated with the individual level of self-rated health. Overall, 1919 (29.1%) answers of self-rated poor health were identified. Community-level civic participation was negatively associated with poor self-rated health after adjusting for individual demographic factors, individual social capitals, and community-level economic status, whereas community-level general trust, and norm were not significant. The findings suggest the importance of fostering communities with high civic participation to reduce the poor health status of residents

Longitudinal Study on the Association between Ambient Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nasal Symptoms in Adult Japanese

The relationship between exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nasal symptoms currently remains unclear. Therefore, we herein examine this relationship in 51 adults living in Ishikawa prefecture, Japan, and conducted a 2 month follow-up survey on these participants. All participants were asked to record daily nasal symptoms in an allergy diary during the study period between 1 April to 31 May 2020. We collected air pollutant samples during the study period and determined the concentrations of PAHs and total suspended particulates by high-performance liquid chromatography. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide concentrations were obtained through the Atmospheric Environmental Regional Observation System. We used generalized estimating equations to analyze the association between pollutant and nasal symptoms. After adjustment for confounding factors, the B values of fluoranthene, pyrene, and Benzo[k]fluoranthene were 2.389 (p = 0.026), 3.744 (p = 0.022) and 9.604 (p = 0.041), respectively, with a one-day lag. In contrast, the B value of indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene was −6.664 (p = 0.013) with no lag. Collectively, these results suggest ambient PAHs such as Flt, Pyr, and BkF were associated with nasal symptoms in adults. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms contributing to the relationships between specific PAHs and nasal symptoms

Longitudinal Study on the Association between Ambient Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nasal Symptoms in Adult Japanese

The relationship between exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nasal symptoms currently remains unclear. Therefore, we herein examine this relationship in 51 adults living in Ishikawa prefecture, Japan, and conducted a 2 month follow-up survey on these participants. All participants were asked to record daily nasal symptoms in an allergy diary during the study period between 1 April to 31 May 2020. We collected air pollutant samples during the study period and determined the concentrations of PAHs and total suspended particulates by high-performance liquid chromatography. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide concentrations were obtained through the Atmospheric Environmental Regional Observation System. We used generalized estimating equations to analyze the association between pollutant and nasal symptoms. After adjustment for confounding factors, the B values of fluoranthene, pyrene, and Benzo[k]fluoranthene were 2.389 (p = 0.026), 3.744 (p = 0.022) and 9.604 (p = 0.041), respectively, with a one-day lag. In contrast, the B value of indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene was &minus;6.664 (p = 0.013) with no lag. Collectively, these results suggest ambient PAHs such as Flt, Pyr, and BkF were associated with nasal symptoms in adults. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms contributing to the relationships between specific PAHs and nasal symptoms

Relationship between Dietary <i>n</i>-6 Fatty Acid Intake and Hypertension: Effect of Glycated Hemoglobin Levels

The relationship between dietary n-6 fatty acids and hypertension is not clear. The metabolic products of n-6 fatty acids include those that control blood pressure, such as prostaglandin and thromboxane, and that differ depending on the extent of glucose tolerance. This cross-sectional study investigated the association of dietary n-6 fatty acid intake on hypertension, and the effects of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value in 633 Japanese subjects aged 40 years and older. Dietary intake was measured using a validated brief self-administered diet history questionnaire. We defined hypertension as the use of antihypertensive medication or a blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg. The prevalence of hypertension was 55.3%. A high n-6 fatty acids intake inversely correlated with hypertension in subjects with HbA1c values less than 6.5% (odds ratio, 0.857; 95% confidence interval, 0.744 to 0.987). On the contrary, in subjects with an HbA1c value of 6.5% or higher, the n-6 fatty acids intake was significantly associated with hypertension (odds ratio, 3.618; 95% confidence interval, 1.019 to 12.84). Regular dietary n-6 fatty acid intake may contribute to the prevention and treatment of hypertension in a healthy general population. By contrast, in subjects with diabetes, regular n-6 fatty acids intake may increase the risk of hypertension