ヤマガタ ダイガク イガクブ フゾク ビョウイン ニオケル デングネツ ノ ソウキ ハッケン

Dengue fever (DF) is an acute febrile disease caused by dengue virus, which was re-emerged in tropical regions in the past 20 years. The numbers of imported DF were 6 to 44 per year in the recent Japan. We report a Japanese member of non-governmental organization (NGO) with dengue fever (DF). The patient developed sudden onset of high fever after returning to Japan, followed by rash and thrombocytopenia. DF was confirmed by isolation of dengue virus from serum, a positive reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test, and a high titer of IgM antibody to dengue virus. Dengue virus infection should be included in the differential diagnosis of the patients, developing high fever, skin rash, and thrombocytopenia after returning from endemic area.　Key words: dengue, fever, thrombocytopenia, lymphocyt

中心市街地活性化のための政策プロセスと推進組織に関する研究

内容の要約広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(マネジメント)Doctor of Philosophydoctora

Home economics evaluation research that aims at accomplishment of a goal as subject (1) : The idea of the academic training, and the location and problem of the Home Economics shown in 2008 version course of study

本報は、平成18年10月に「高等学校必修科目未履修問題」をもたらした平成10年版学習指導要領に示された教育理念が、平成20年3月末に告示された新学習指導要領でどのように捉えなおされ、その中に家庭科がどのように位置づけられたのか。さらに、家庭科が学校教育の目的達成のために寄与するためには、どのような課題が存在するのか、という観点から、文部科学省の新学習指導要領関係の資料を分析した。その結果、①新学習指導要領では、平成10年版学習指導要領の教育理念［生きる力］を踏襲して教育課程・内容の改訂が図られていた。その中に、②小・中学校の家庭科は、従前どおり「教科」として位置づけられ、②［生きる力］を構成する「豊かな人間性」「健やかな体」をはぐくむための教科として、家庭科学習指導要領の目標・内容が示されていた。しかし、④中学校家庭科では、保育学習と被服学習の目的を学ぶ内容が欠落しているため、⑤教科として目指すべき他教科では代替できない「家庭生活を営む力の育成」と「人格形成」が達成できないという問題が理論的に明らかになった。その課題を解決するため、本継続研究では、岡山大学附属中学校で取り組まれている保育学習と被服学習の目的を学ぶための授業開発研究を踏襲し、その学習がどのように「人格形成」に結びつくのかを心理測定尺度の適用により検討する評価研究を試みる

Recent progress in the etiopathogenesis of pediatric biliary disease, particularly Caroli\u27s disease with congenital hepatic fibrosis and biliary atresia

Recent progress in elucidating the etiopathogenesis of pediatric biliary diseases, particularly Caroli\u27s disease with congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF) and biliary atresia (BA), is reviewed. The former is characterized by multiple saccular dilatations of the intrahepatic bile ducts. An animal model of this disease, the PCK rat, is being extensively studied. PCK rats and Calori\u27s disease with CHF belong to autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) with ductal plate malformation. Mutations of PKHD1 have been identified in ARPKD, and fibrocystin, a product of PKHD1 located in the cilia of bile ducts is lacking in the pathologic intrahepatic bile ducts of ARPKD. Disordered cell kinetics, including apoptosis of biliary epithelial cells (BECs), may be significantly related to ductal plate malformation, and laminin and type IV collagen were immunohistochemically reduced in the basement membrane of intrahepatic bile ducts of ARPKD, and such a reduction is an additional factor for the dilatation of bile ducts. Abundant connective tissue growth factor retained diffusely in heparan sulfate proteoglycan in the fibrous portal tracts are responsible for non-resolving hepatic fibrosis. In addition, pathologic BECs of ARPKD may acquire mesenchymal features and participate in progressive hepatic fibrosis by producing extracellular matrix molecules. In an animal model of BA, an initial virus-induced, T-cell mediated autoimmune-mediated cholangiopathy has been reported. In human BA, virus-induced apoptosis of BECs by a TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand followed by the progressive obliteration of bile ducts is also suggested, and epithelial mesenchymal transition of BECs induced by viral infection may be involved in the fibrotic process in sclerosing cholangitis. However, the role of viral infections in the affected tissues is controversial. Comprehensive and analytical studies of ARPKD and BA using human materials and animal models may lead to the clarification of their etiopathogenesis and open the way for new therapeutic strategies

The Outline of the High School Trial Corresponding to the University Entrance Selection Reform : Special Examination Subcommittee of the National Six University Collaborative Consortium Education Collaboration Organization

6 大学連携事業として，評価したい資質について掘り下げ質問を行う構造化面接と，面接に代わる筆記試験であるペーパーインタビューについて，県内の高等学校の協力を得て2019 年度にトライアルを行った。評価した資質は「新たなこと追究しようとする態度」と「協働して取り組む態度」であり，まず，構造化面接とペーパーインタビューの結果を本学の教員が評価し，その結果を高校教員が個々の受験生に抱いている日常的評価と比較した。トライアルの結果，構造化面接の有効性ならびに，受験者全員に面接を課すことが，時間的，人員的に実施困難な入試におけるペーパーインタビューの有効性が確認された。同時に，測ろうとする資質によっては，面接との評価結果が異なる部分があることも明らかとなった

Radiotherapy for inoperable and refractory endometriosis presenting with massive hemorrhage: a case report

INTRODUCTION: Many patients with endometriosis are treated with medication or by surgical approaches. However, a small number of patients do not respond to medication and are inoperable because of comorbidities. This case report shows the effectiveness of radiotherapy for refractory endometriosis and includes a time series of serum estradiol levels. CASE PRESENTATION: A 47-year-old Asian woman presented to our facility with uncontrolled endometriosis refractory to medication. Our patient was considered inoperable because of severe idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and underwent radiotherapy for massive genital bleeding requiring blood transfusions. A radiation dose of 20Gy in 10 fractions was delivered to the pelvis, including the bilateral ovaries, uterus, and myomas. An additional 10Gy in five fractions was delivered to the endometrium to control residual bleeding. Genital bleeding was completely inhibited on day 46 after radiotherapy. Hormonal analysis revealed that radiotherapy induced post-menopausal status. Two years after radiotherapy, atypical genital bleeding had not recurred and has been well controlled without side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Disrupted ovarian function is an adverse effect of radiotherapy. However, radiotherapy can be useful for inducing menopause. In cases of medication-refractory or inoperable endometriosis, radiotherapy would be an effective treatment option

Attempt of psychology measurement standard application to the child's self-recognition formation evaluation in junior high school home economics family and child care study (1) : Home economics evaluation research that aims at accomplishment of a goal as subject (2)

本継続研究の目的は,家族･保育学習が,教科の目標である｢家庭生活を営む力｣の育成を通して,学習者の人格形成にどう関わるのかを心理測定尺度適用により試みることを目的とするものである｡客観的に測定しようとする評価研究である｡第1報で検討したように,平成20年3月末に告示された平成20年版学習指導要領に示された中学校｢技術･家庭(家庭分野)｣の家族･保育学習には,その目的を達成するために解決すべき課題が2点存在した｡第一は,目的に相当する｢学習者と子どもの関わり｣を学ぶ内容が欠落していること,第二は,保育学習が学校教育の目的である学習者の｢人格形成｣にどのように関わるのかを客観的に評価する方法がないということである｡本報では,第-の課題解決を目的として,岡山大学教育学部附属中学校で取り組まれている授業開発研究｢Flour Baby Project｣を踏襲し,心理測定尺度を適用し,その授業における子どもの心理変化を測る調査用尺度を11要因91項目で構成した｡2008年3月に,同校第2学年200名(男子100名,女子100名)を対象にプレテストを行い,回答を得られた134名(男子54名,女子80名)の結果を,統計ソフト SPSSにより信頼性について分析した｡その結果,11要因それぞれにおいてクロンバックのα係数が0.7以上もしくはそれに近い値が得られ,作成した調査用紙が中学生に適用可能なことが確認された

Significance of oestrogen-related receptor γ on biliary epithelial cells in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis

Aims Oestrogen has been speculated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), which mainly affects middle-aged and old-aged females because biliary epithelial cells (BECs) are known to express oestrogen receptors (ERs). Oestrogen-related receptors (ERRs) are constitutively active without oestrogen and competitively inhibit the ER-dependent effects of oestrogen. We clarified the effects of oestrogen and the significance of ERRs along with their association with the pathogenesis of cholangiopathy in PBC. Methods We investigated the expression of ERs and ERRs and the apoptosis-related cell kinetics in BECs using cultured human BECs and human liver specimens. Results Although cultured human BECs and the interlobular bile ducts in the liver expressed ERβ, in cultured BECs, oestrogen treatment did not induce significant cell proliferation but increased the expression of a negative cell proliferation regulator (14-3-3σ protein). The cultured BECs constantly expressed ERRα and ERβ, and oestrogen downregulated the ERRγ expression. Furthermore, the ERβ expression was determined in the intrahepatic bile ducts and was stronger in the middle-aged and old-aged females, particularly those with PBC, than in the younger females. The ERβ ligand activated a transcription factor, SP1, and enhanced the expression of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family molecules and Bcl-2 inhibitor-induced apoptosis in cultured BECs. Conclusions Although oestrogen downregulates the ERRγ expression, the increased ERRγ expression under oestrogen-deficient conditions increases the susceptibility to Bcl-2 family-mediated apoptosis in cultured human BECs of females, particularly those with PBC. Understanding the oestrogen-mediated cell kinetics is important for elucidating the pathogenesis of cholangiopathy in PBC. © 2014 by the BMJ Publishing Group Ltd & Association of Clinical Pathologists

Attempt of psychology measurement standard application to the chitd's clothes concern and self respect formation evaluation in junior high school home economics clothes study (1) :Home economics evaluation research that aims at accomplishment of a goal as subject (3)

本継続研究の目的は,｢被服学習｣が教科の目標である｢家庭生活を営む力｣の育成を通して,どのように子どもの｢人格形成｣に結びつくのかを心理測定尺度適用により試みることを目的とするものである｡第1報で検討したように,平成20年3月末に告示された平成20年版学習指導要領に示された中学校｢技術･家庭(家庭分野)｣の被服学習には,その目的を達成するために解決すべき課題が2点存在した｡第一は,目的に相当する｢学習者と被服との関わり｣を学ぶ内容が欠落していること,第二は,被服学習が学校教育の目的である学習者の｢人格形成｣にどのように関わるのかを,客観的に評価する方法がないということである｡本報では,第一の課題解決を目的として,岡山大学教育学部附属中学校で取り組まれている授業開発研究｢外観･被服･私｣を踏襲し,第2報で検討した結果から,心理測定尺度を適用することで第二の課題を検討することを目的とした｡被服学習で子どもの｢人格形成｣を測るためには,① ｢学習者自身｣と② ｢学習者と被服との関係性｣の心理傾向を測定する必要があるが,既存の｢心理測定尺度｣を検討し,① は第2報と同じ｢自尊感情尺度｣,② は｢被服関心度質問表｣を選択し,調査用紙を作成した｡2008年3月に岡山大学附属中学校第1･2学年400名(第1学年男子100名･女子100名,第2学年男子100名･女子100名)を対象にプレテストを行い,回答を得られた242名(第1学年男子42名･女子62名,第2学年男子56名･女子82名)の結果を統計ソフトSPSSにより信頼性について分析した｡その結果,クロンバックのα係数が概ね0.7以上となり,作成した調査用紙は中学生に適用可能なことが確認できた

Application and validation of a new histologic staging and grading system for primary biliary cirrhosis

BACKGROUND: We proposed a new grading and staging system for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), which takes into account the degree of both chronic cholangitis activity (CA) and hepatitic activity (HA) for grading disease activity and that of fibrosis, bile duct loss, and chronic cholestasis for staging. In this study, we validated our new system. METHODS: Using liver biopsy specimens from 166 cases of PBC, chronic cholangitis with mild periductal lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, including chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis, and the combined activity of interface hepatitis and lobular hepatitis were categorized into 4 grades on the basis of their degree and distribution (CA0-3 and HA0-3, respectively). For staging, because orcein staining was not available in this study, 2 criteria (fibrosis and bile duct loss) were independently scored from 0 to 3 on the basis of their degrees, and a final stage score was created from the sum. RESULTS: Although there was a relatively uniform distribution of CA0/1/2/3 cases, the cases of HA0/1/2/3 were distributed as 21%, 64%, 13%, and 3%, respectively, with a prominent number of cases categorized as having none or mild HA. The distribution of stages 1 to 4 using our system was considerably different from that using the classic system and, importantly, showed a correlation with patient outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Our system revealed that the activities of chronic cholangitis and hepatitis did not correlate with each other in terms of degree and that our staging system properly reflected the outcome of PBC patients. The present study could validate the effectiveness of this new system for characterizing the pathologic condition of PBC. Copyright © 2013 by Lippincott Williams &Wilkins